西天山雪岭云杉林分密度对森林生物量分配格局和异速生长的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.26

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

雪岭云杉林是新疆天山北坡山地森林中广泛分布的优势种,探讨林分密度对天山雪岭云杉林器官生物量分配格局和树高-胸径异速生长的影响,对于阐明雪岭云杉林生物量在不同环境中的适应具有重要意义。通过分析在不同林分密度（≤300株·hm^-2、300~450株·hm^-2、450~600株·hm^-2、>600株·hm^-2）下雪岭云杉林（Picea schrenkiana）的生长特性,研究林分密度对雪岭云杉林器官生物量分配格局及树高-胸径异速生长的影响。结果表明,随着林分密度增加,雪岭云杉林各器官平均生物量均降低;树干和树根生物量占比增加,树枝生物量占比减少,树叶和树皮生物量占比变化不显著;雪岭云杉林树高和胸径均随林分密度的增加而降低。此外,雪岭云杉林树高（H）和胸径（D）间具有显著的异速生长关系,其中树高-胸径（H-D）的最优异速生长方程为：y=2.312 × x^0.900（R²=0.761,P<0.01）;随着林分密度增加,雪岭云杉林lgH-lgD呈现出复杂非线性异速生长关系,该关系的显著性受林分密度变化呈现逐渐降低的趋势,这表明林分密度通过雪岭云杉林对生长资源的竞争影响各器官的生长发育。研究结果可为雪岭云杉林的可持续经营与管理提供理论依据和数据支撑。

关键词: 林分密度, 雪岭云杉林, 生物量, 异速生长

Abstract:

Picea schrenkiana is the dominant species widely distributed in the mountain forests on the northern slopes of the Tianshan Mountains. Determining the effects of individual density on the biomass allocation and height-diameter allometric relationship of P. schrenkiana forest is important to clarify the adaptation strategy of P. schrenkiana in different environments. In this paper, the effects of individual density on biomass allocation and the height-diameter allometric relationship of P. schrenkiana forest were studied based on fields investigations of P. schrenkiana forest with different stand densities (<300, 300-450, 450-600, >600 plants·hm^-2). The results showed that the average biomass of all biomass components and branches alone decreased in P. schrenkiana forest when stand density increased. However, the biomass proportions of stems and roots increased, whereas the proportions of leaves and bark were stable. Both the height and the diameter at breast height (DBH) of the P. schrenkiana individuals decreased with increased stand density. Additionally, this study found that the relationship y=2.312 × x^0.900 can be used to reliably delineate the allometric growth relationship between the height (H) and the DBH (D) of P. schrenkiana individuals (R²=0.761, P<0.01). With the increase in individual density, the relationship between lgH and lgD of P. schrenkiana individuals showed a complex nonlinear allometric growth relationship, and the significance of the relationship gradually reduced with density. This indicates that density had an impact on the resource competition of individuals and affected the growth of organs. The results can be used to inform the sustainable management of P. schrenkiana forest.

Key words: stand density, picea schrenkiana forest, biomass, allometric growth

李宗英,罗庆辉,许仲林. 西天山雪岭云杉林分密度对森林生物量分配格局和异速生长的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 545-552.

LI Zongying,LUO Qinghui,XU Zhonglin. Effects of stand density on the biomass allocation and tree height-diameter allometric growth of Picea schrenkiana forest on the northern slope of the western Tianshan Mountains[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 545-552.

图/表 10

图1

表1

云杉林生物量方程"

生物量方程		模型参数
生物量方程		a	b
$Y 干 = a × (D 2 × H) b$	树干生物量	0.033759	0.907882
$Y 皮 = a × (D 2 × H) b$	树皮生物量	0.005498	0.830362
$Y 枝 = a × (D 2 × H) b$	树枝生物量	0.019814	2.602171
$Y 叶 = a × (D 2 × H) b$	树叶生物量	0.027648	2.252940
$Y 根 = a × (D 2 × H) b$	树根生物量	0.042731	2.187144
$Y T = Y 干 + Y 皮 + Y 枝 + Y 叶 + Y 根$	单株生物量	-	-
$Y = 10 × ∑ i = 1 n Y Ti / S$	样地生物量	-	-

表1

表2

图2

图3

表3

天山雪岭云杉林树高和胸径的模型拟合"

拟合方程	参数			R²
拟合方程	a	b	c	R²
$H = a × D + b$	0.417	5.006		0.730
$H = a × D b$	2.312	0.900		0.761
$H = a + b × ln (D)$	-30.315	14.659		0.748
$H = a × e b × D$	7.967	0.022		0.632
$H = c × D 2 + b × D + a$	0.838	0.657	-0.003	0.728

表3

图4

表4

天山雪岭云杉林树高和胸径的方差分析表"

回归分析	自由度	离差平方和	均方	F值	显著性
$y = 2.312 x 0.900$	1	313.623	313.623	4079.854	0.000
残差	1067	82.022	0.077	-	-
$y = 0.369 x 2 + 0.037 x + 0.848$	1	44.411	22.205	1805.420	0.000
残差	1067	13.099	0.012	-	-

表4

表5

图5

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林分密度/(株·hm^-2)	生物量
林分密度/(株·hm^-2)	树干	树皮	树枝	树叶	树根	总生物量
≤300	526.45±264.52a	36.03±16.77a	391.11±279.42a	133.11±80.56a	158.07±92.42a	1244.77
300~450	355.33±226.18b	25.18±14.90b	220.44±133.92b	82.58±44.07b	99.81±51.85b	783.34
450~600	360.65±262.93b	25.29±17.26b	260.27±191.14b	93.46±61.50b	112.11±72.05b	851.79
>600	219.39±197.99c	16.03±13.36c	136.63±123.85c	53.53±42.29c	65.28±50.10c	490.87

林分密度 /（株·hm^-2）	异速生长回归方程参数
林分密度 /（株·hm^-2）	a	b	c	R²	F	P
≤300	-0.1324	1.1238	0.3230	0.7870	187.8850	<0.01
300~450	0.2839	0.1053	0.8869	0.7570	492.1000	<0.01
450~600	0.1648	0.5910	0.5074	0.7300	432.9700	<0.01
>600	0.5791	-0.4160	1.0313	0.7500	309.3850	<0.01