窟野河水-气界面CO2交换通量变化特征及其影响因素分析

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.08

干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 369-379.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.02.08

窟野河水-气界面CO₂交换通量变化特征及其影响因素分析

史红岩^1,²(),冉立山^3,⁴(),岳荣⁵,于瑞宏^1,²,赵艳霞^1,²,吕喜玺⁶

1.内蒙古大学生态与环境学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010021
2.内蒙古河流与湖泊生态重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特 010021
3.香港大学地理系,香港 999077
4.香港大学深圳研究院,深圳 518057
5.西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌 712100
6.新加坡国立大学地理学院,新加坡 117570

收稿日期:2020-06-29 修回日期:2020-08-26 出版日期:2021-03-15 发布日期:2021-04-25
通讯作者: 冉立山
作者简介:史红岩（1996-）,男,硕士研究生,主要研究方向为内陆水体温室气体逸出. E-mail:shy960622@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(41807318);香港研究资助局(27300118)

Variations of CO₂ exchange in the Kuye River basin and its influencing factors

SHI Hongyan^1,²(),RAN Lishan^3,⁴(),YUE Rong⁵,YU Ruihong^1,²,ZHAO Yanxia^1,²,LYU Xixi⁶

1. School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
3. Department of Geography, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
4. The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Institute of Research and Innovation, Shenzhen 518057, China
5. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
6. Department of Geography, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117570

Received:2020-06-29 Revised:2020-08-26 Online:2021-03-15 Published:2021-04-25
Contact: Lishan RAN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来内陆水体CO₂释放受到广泛关注,为揭示黄土高原地区内陆水体CO₂的释放特征,于2018年7月和10月及2019年3月和6月利用LI-7000 CO₂分析仪对窟野河及代表性水库开展了高频次的水体CO₂分压（pCO₂）和水-气界面CO₂交换通量（FCO₂）观测,并分析其时空变化规律。结果表明：窟野河水体pCO₂和FCO₂（分别为996 μatm和94.5 mmol·m^-2·d^-1）均高于水库（分别为752 μatm和10.3 mmol·m^-2·d^-1）。FCO₂季节性差异明显：对于河流而言,表现为秋季最高（165.7 mmol·m^-2·d^-1）,春季最低（42.9 mmol·m^-2·d^-1）;对于水库而言,变化趋势则完全相反,表现为春季最高（16.6 mmol·m^-2·d^-1）,秋季最低（-5.4 mmol·m^-2·d^-1）。生物地球化学活性更强的支流FCO₂（107.4 mmol·m^-2·d^-1）高出干流（66.5 mmol·m^-2·d^-1）约50%;同时,位于中下游黄土丘陵区的水库FCO₂（16.4 mmol·m^-2·d^-1）显著高于位于上游呼鄂丘陵区的水库FCO₂（1.2 mmol·m^-2·d^-1）。整体来看,流域水体pCO₂受碳酸盐体系影响最大,有机碳分解作用次之;流速是控制水-气界面气体交换速率的关键因素。在年尺度上,窟野河的河流与水库水体均为大气持续碳源。窟野河平均CO₂释放量与我国长江及国外温带河流相近,但低于黄河中游的其他支流。

关键词: 二氧化碳交换（FCO₂）, 二氧化碳分压（pCO₂）, 时空变化, 水库, 窟野河

Abstract:

This study aimed to examine the riverine CO₂ emissions on the Loess Plateau. The river water CO₂ partial pressure (pCO₂) and CO₂ outgassing across the water-air interface (FCO₂) in the Kuye River basin, situated in the northern Loess Plateau, was holistically investigated in July and October 2018 and March and June 2019 using a LI-7000 CO₂ analyzer. Both pCO₂ and FCO₂ were higher in rivers (996 μatm and 94.5 mmol·m^-2·d^-1, respectively) than in reservoirs (752 μatm and 10.3 mmol·m^-2·d^-1, respectively). Meanwhile, the FCO₂ exhibited pronounced seasonal variations. For the river waters, the highest FCO₂ of 165.7 mmol·m^-2·d^-1 occurred in autumn, and the lowest FCO₂ of 42.9 mmol·m^-2·d^-1 occurred in spring. For the reservoir waters, the opposite was observed with the highest FCO₂ of 16.6 mmol·m^-2·d^-1 occurring in spring and the lowest FCO₂ of -5.4 mmol·m^-2·d^-1 occurring in autumn. Spatially, the FCO₂ in the tributary rivers (107.4 mmol·m^-2·d^-1) with a stronger biogeochemical activity was significantly higher than that in the Kuye mainstream (66.5 mmol·m^-2·d^-1) by 50%. While for reservoirs, the FCO₂ of the reservoir waters (1.2 mmol·m^-2·d^-1) in the upper sandy hilly area was lower than that in the middle and lower loess hilly area (16.4 mmol·m^-2·d^-1). In summary, the pCO₂ was mostly affected by the carbonate system, followed by dissolved organic carbon. Additionally, flow velocity had a substantial impact on the gas transfer velocity (k), whereas there was no significant correlation between k and wind speed. On an annual scale, both rivers and reservoirs were strong carbon sources for the atmosphere, and their average effluxes were close to that of the Yangtze River while substantially lower than that of the other tributaries in the middle Yellow River Basin.

Key words: carbon dioxide outgassing, partial pressure of carbon dioxide, spatio-temporal variation, reservoir, Kuye River

史红岩,冉立山,岳荣,于瑞宏,赵艳霞,吕喜玺. 窟野河水-气界面CO₂交换通量变化特征及其影响因素分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(2): 369-379.

SHI Hongyan,RAN Lishan,YUE Rong,YU Ruihong,ZHAO Yanxia,LYU Xixi. Variations of CO₂ exchange in the Kuye River basin and its influencing factors[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(2): 369-379.

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采样日期	参数	pH	水温/℃	Chl a/（μg·L^-1）	DIC/(mg·L^-1)	DOC/(mg·L^-1)	风速/（m·s^-1）	流速/（m·s^-1）
2018年7月（夏季丰水期）	最小值	8.0	16.7	-	28.8	1.6	-	0.1
	最大值	9.4	33.8	-	63.4	18.4	-	0.9
	平均值	8.4	27.0	-	40.8	5.5	-	0.5
	标准偏差	0.5	5.5	-	10.8	5.8	-	0.3
2018年10月（秋季）	最小值	8.1	5.5	0.1	23.6	0.9	0.0	0.2
	最大值	8.8	16.2	15.9	63.4	13.7	1.3	1.4
	平均值	8.5	10.8	4.7	45.5	4.4	0.6	0.6
	标准偏差	0.7	2.5	4.9	11.8	4.0	0.4	0.3
2019年3月（春季）	最小值	8.7	1.0	4.2	23.0	1.0	0.0	0.1
	最大值	9.2	12.2	18.1	118.1	2.7	3.2	0.8
	平均值	8.8	6.6	9.1	58.1	1.6	1.0	0.4
	标准偏差	0.1	3.5	3.4	21.5	0.5	0.8	0.2
2019年6月（夏季枯水期）	最小值	8.6	19.5	2.4	28.8	0.1	0.0	0.0
	最大值	9.5	32.3	18.8	83.5	2.2	2.0	1.4
	平均值	9.0	25.0	6.2	54.6	0.5	0.3	0.5
	标准偏差	0.3	3.9	4.2	14.5	0.7	0.7	0.3

日期	参数	pH	水温/℃	Chl a/（μg·L^-1）	DIC/(mg·L^-1)	DOC/(mg·L^-1)	风速/（m·s^-1）
2018年7月（夏季丰水期）	最小值	8.2	27.7	2.9	26.5	2.6	-
	最大值	9.0	34.9	5.5	91.2	7.5	-
	平均值	8.7	29.8	4.3	58.2	4.3	-
	标准偏差	0.4	3.5	1.1	26.9	2.3	-
2018年10月（秋季）	最小值	8.3	10.8	1.1	38.3	1.2	0.6
	最大值	9.5	17.2	12.0	69.6	14.8	1.1
	平均值	8.9	12.9	5.7	48.8	4.2	0.8
	标准偏差	0.5	2.5	5.0	12.4	5.9	0.2
2019年3月（春季）	最小值	8.4	6.4	5.2	37.4	1.0	0.0
	最大值	9.4	12.7	27.3	61.9	12.8	3.2
	平均值	8.7	8.8	11.4	48.0	5.2	1.0
	标准偏差	0.4	2.5	9.1	10.8	4.6	0.8
2019年6月（夏季枯水期）	最小值	8.8	24.2	3.4	40.3	0.2	0.0
	最大值	9.6	30.0	6.0	101.4	17.5	2.0
	平均值	9.1	25.7	5.0	76.0	5.1	0.3
	标准偏差	0.3	2.4	1.1	24.4	7.2	0.7

季节及水体	pH	DIC	DOC	水温	Chl a
春季	-0.518^*	0.656^*	0.200	-0.261	-0.041
夏季枯水期	-0.836^**	0.190	-0.742^**	-0.247	-0.608^*
夏季丰水期	-0.786^**	0.232	0.549^*	-0.232	-
秋季	-0.638^*	0.040	0.582^*	0.446	-0.177

	pCO₂	pH	DIC	DOC	水温	Chl a
pCO₂	1
pH	-0.503^*	1
DIC	0.663^**	0.628^**	1
DOC	-0.609^**	0.492^*	0.702^**	1
水温	-0.264	0.276	0.476	0.203	1
Chl a	-0.519^*	0.392	-0.120	0.213	0.024	1

河流	位置	气候带	pCO₂/（μatm）	FCO₂/（mmol·m^-2·d^-1）	参考文献
窟野河（黄河支流）	中国	温带	941	94.5	本研究
无定河（黄河支流）	中国	温带	881	168.6	[18]
头道拐（黄河干流）	中国	温带	995	230.1	[17]
黄河（枯水、丰水期）	中国	温带	2810	854.8	[15]
黄河（源区）	中国	高原气候带	771	135.0	[41]
长江	中国	温带	1013	42.5~93.7	[40]
科罗拉多河	美国	温带	250~4000	35.9	[42]
阿尔卑斯山区Ybbs河	奥地利	温带	367~1169	86.0~290.1	[43]
西江	中国	亚热带	2600	172.6~356.2	[30]
亚马逊河	巴西	热带	141~9569	327.1	[34]
刚果河	刚果	热带	1087~22899	2469.0	[44]

窟野河水-气界面CO₂交换通量变化特征及其影响因素分析

Variations of CO₂ exchange in the Kuye River basin and its influencing factors

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