干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 985-992.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2020.04.19

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2013—2018年塔里木河下游植被动态变化 及其对生态输水的响应

李均力1，2 ， 肖 昊1，3 ， 沈占锋2，4 ， 白 洁1，2   

  1. （1. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011； 2. 新疆遥感与地理信息系统应用重点实验室，新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011； 3. 中国科学院大学，北京 100049；4. 中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所，北京 100101 ）
  • 收稿日期:2019-11-18 修回日期:2020-03-18 出版日期:2020-07-15 发布日期:2020-10-18
  • 作者简介:李均力（1980－），男，研究员，博士，主要从事遥感智能信息提取、干旱区水资源与环境变化研究. E-mail：lijl@ms.xjb.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    中国科学院创新交叉团队项目（JCTD-2019-20），国家重点研发项目（2017YFB0504204），天山雪松人才计划项目（2018XS11）

Vegetation changes during the 2013-2018 period and its response to ecological water transport in the lower reaches of the Tarim River

LI Jun-li1，2 ， XIAO Hao1，3 ， SHEN Zhan-Feng2，4 ， BAI Jie1，2   

  1. （1. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Institute of Xinjiang ecology and geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China; 2. Key Laboratory of GIS & RS Application Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China; 3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 4. Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)
  • Received:2019-11-18 Revised:2020-03-18 Online:2020-07-15 Published:2020-10-18

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摘要： 荒漠河岸带植被在维护极端干旱区生态稳定起着极其重要的作用，研究干旱区荒漠河岸带植被对生态输 水的响应及其变化过程，对生态保育恢复及输水政策制定具有重要意义。本文以塔里木河下游流域内的荒漠河岸 带植被为研究对象，利用Landsat 8 OLI、Sentinel-2A等数据构建植被覆被数据与典型监测断面植被指数时序数据， 分析2013—2018年荒漠河岸带植被时空变化特征，并结合地下水位数据分析荒漠河岸带植被对生态输水的响应。 结果表明：2013—2018年间，塔里木河下游植被面积呈持续的增加趋势，其中灌木面积恢复最大。胡杨和草本距离 河岸较近，沿河岸带植被恢复的区域分布位于距离河道1.0 km和2.5 km的范围，而灌木林恢复区域在双通道输水 措施和地下水上升的影响下，沿河岸11 km范围内的灌木均呈现不同程度增加。通过对不同生态断面的3种主要 植被的长势分析表明，当地下水埋深大于-5.75 m时，塔里木河下游植被出现明显改善。

关键词: 植被, 时空分布, 动态变化, 生态输水, 响应, 塔里木河下游

Abstract: Desert riparian vegetation plays a significant role in maintaining ecological stability in extremely arid regions. Understanding the response of desert riparian vegetation to ecological water transport in the arid areas and its changing process is crucial for the formulation of ecological conservation and restoration and water transport policy development. The desert riparian vegetation in the lower reaches of the Tarim River was selected as the research objective. We used multi-source data, including Landsat8 OLI and Sentinel-2A, to construct the vegetation cover data and typical monitoring section vegetation index time-series data. Besides, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of vegetation in the desert riparian zone from 2013 to 2018 were analyzed. Combined with groundwater level data, we analyzed the response of desert riparian vegetation and ecological water transfer projects. The results showed that the different types of vegetation presented different spatial and temporal changing characteristics after the ecological water transport. The area and spatial distribution of new shrubs were significantly higher than those of other vegetation types. The new Populus euphratica is mainly distributed within 0-1 km and 4.5-6 km of the river channel, and the new shrubs are mainly distributed within 1-4 km of the river channel. The new herbal plants are mainly distributed within 2.5 km of the river channel. Different types of vegetation are affected by ecological water transport modes and monitoring section spaces. The influence of location shows different responses to ecological water transport. At the same time, groundwater levels downstream of the Tarim River is generally uplifted, and vegetation growth is generally improved with the development of ecological water transfer projects.

中图分类号: 

  • vegetation