覆沙坡面微地形变化与侵蚀产沙的响应关系

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2020.03.25

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 坡面微地形的发育反映了侵蚀的强度及变化过程。为了定量研究不同覆沙厚度下坡面的微地形变化与侵蚀之间的响应，通过模拟1.5mm·min^-1雨强下的3场连续降雨试验，结合三维激光扫描仪技术，分析了坡面微地形与土壤侵蚀的空间变化特征，较好地拟合了微地形变幅与侵蚀量之间的关系。结果表明：坡面平均含沙量随着降雨场次的增加而减小。覆沙坡面主要产沙区的长度是黄土坡面的3倍左右，且坡段侵蚀量的峰值多分布在坡面4~6m的位置，而黄土坡面侵蚀峰值分布在3~4 m的位置。随着降雨场次的增加，黄土坡面微地形因子显著增大（P<0.05），覆沙坡面微地形因子总体呈增大趋势，但并不显著（P>0.05）。与黄土坡面和覆沙坡面的侵蚀响应最强烈的微地形因子分别为地表切割深度和地表粗糙度，黄土坡面微地形变幅与侵蚀量的响应关系较强于覆沙坡面，覆沙坡面应寻找其他敏感的指标对方程进行优化。该研究为揭示风水复合侵蚀地区的侵蚀机理提供一定参考。

关键词: 覆沙坡面, 侵蚀, 空间分布, 微地形, 含沙量, 土壤侵蚀

Abstract: The development of the slope of micro-relief reflects the intensity and process of erosion. To quantitatively study the response between the characteristics of micro-relief variation and the amount of erosion,three consecutive rainfall tests with simulated precipitation of 1.5 mm·min^-1 were conducted,and the spatial variation characteristics of micro-relief and soil erosion were analyzed using 3-D laser scanner technology. The relationship between the amplitude of micro-relief and erosion was well fitted. The results showed that average sediment concentrations on the slope were reduced as the number of rainfall events increased. The lengths of the main sandpredicted area on the sand covered slope were about three times that of the loess slope,and peaks of the amount of erosion of the slope were mostly found at the position of 4-6 m on the slope,but the peaks of erosion on the loess slope were found in the position of 3-4 m. As the rainfall simulation progressed,the micro-relief factors of the loess slope increased significantly (P<0.05),and the micro-relief factors of the sand-covered slope increased,but not significantly (P>0.05). The study found that the micro-relief factors with the strongest erosion response to the loess slope and the sand-covered slope were surface incision and surface roughness,respectively. The response relationship between micro-relief variation and erosion of the loess slope was stronger than for the sand-covered slope,so the sand-covered slope should be examined for other sensitive indicators to optimize the equation. This study provides reference information for determining the erosion mechanism of wind water erosion across the region.

Key words: sand-covered slope, erosion, spatial distribution, microrelief, sand content, soil erosion

张建文, 李鹏, 高海东, 杨倩楠, 刘展. 覆沙坡面微地形变化与侵蚀产沙的响应关系[J]. 干旱区研究, 2020, 37(3): 757-.

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