科尔沁沙地混生小叶锦鸡儿和人工杨树光合特性及其对气候的响应

干旱区研究 ›› 2019, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 420-429.

科尔沁沙地混生小叶锦鸡儿和人工杨树光合特性及其对气候的响应

包永志¹，刘廷玺^1,2，段利民^1,2，王冠丽^1,2，祁秀娇¹，黄天宇¹，黎明扬¹

1. 内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010018； 2. 内蒙古自治区水资源保护与利用重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010018

收稿日期:2018-07-06 修回日期:2018-09-12 出版日期:2019-03-15 发布日期:2019-03-12
通讯作者: 刘廷玺
作者简介:包永志(1994-)，男，硕士研究生，主要从事寒旱区生态水文研究. E-mail: byz6618@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点国际合作研究与重点、地区项目(51620105003，51139002，51369016)资助；教育部创新团队发展计划(IRT_17R60)；科技部重点领域科技创新团队(2015RA4013)；内蒙古自治区草原英才产业创新创业人才团队、内蒙古农业大学寒旱区水资源利用创新团队(NDTD2010-6)；内蒙古自治区高等学校“青年科技英才支持计划”(NJYT-18-B11)

Photosynthetic Traits of Caragana microphylla and Populus spp. and Their Responses to Climate in the Horqin Sandy Land

BAO Yong-zhi¹, LIU Ting-xi^1,2, DUAN Li-min^1,2, WANG Guan-li^1,2, QI Xiu-jiao¹, HUANG Tian-Yu¹, LI Ming-Yang¹

1. College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China; 2. Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Water Resources Conservation and Utilization, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2018-07-06 Revised:2018-09-12 Online:2019-03-15 Published:2019-03-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用LI-6400光合作用仪野外原位测定混生的小叶锦鸡儿(Caragana microphylla)和人工杨树(Populus spp.)的光合特性，通过对比分析这两种天然和人工植物干旱时期与降水后光合特性的差异及其与生理环境因子的关系，揭示其对干旱和降水的适应特性和响应机制。结果表明：① 干旱时期，两种混生植物的净光合速率(P_n)、蒸腾速率([T_r)和气孔导度(G_s)大幅下降，出现明显的“午休”现象，且峰值提前，降水后小叶锦鸡儿“午休”现象消失；② [G_s和光合有效辐射(PAR)是影响小叶锦鸡儿和人工杨树Pn的主要生理和环境因子，干旱时期，小叶锦鸡儿光合特性主要受气孔调节作用的影响，降水后主要受环境因子(PAR)的影响；人工杨树不论在干旱时期还是降水后，其光合生理特性都相对较为稳定，且主要受PAR的影响；③ 小叶锦鸡儿通过保持较低的气孔开放程度，维持较低的Tr和较高的水分利用效率(WUE)，以适应干旱环境，人工杨树则通过较高的P_n、T_r和较低的WUE避免干旱胁迫的影响；降水后，小叶锦鸡儿光合特性的变化较人工杨树显著，对降水的响应更加强烈。混生群落中，小叶锦鸡儿和人工杨树对干旱和降水的适应机制明显不同，小叶锦鸡儿对环境变化的适应性更强。

关键词: 光合特性, 小叶锦鸡儿 (Caragana microphylla), 人工杨树(Populus spp.), 干旱, 降水, 科尔沁沙地, 内蒙古

Abstract:

In this paper, the photosynthetic traits of Caragana microphylla and Populus spp. were measured with LI-6400 in field. The adaptability of C.microphylla and Populus spp. and their response to drought and precipitation were lucubrated after comparing and analyzing the differences in photosynthetic traits of these two plant species and the relationship between their physiological characteristics and environmental factors under drought and after precipitation. The results are as follows: ① Under drought, the net photosynthetic rate (P_n), transpiration rate (T_r) and the stomatal conductance (G_s) of the two mixed growing plants were decreased significantly, showing a significant “midday depression”, and the peak value occurred earlier. The “midday depression” of C.microphylla was disappeared after precipitation; ② P_n values of C.microphylla and Populus spp. were mainly affected by physiological factor (G_s) and environmental factor photosynthetically active radiation (PAR). The photosynthetic traits of C.microphylla was mainly affected by stomatal regulation (G_s) under drought, and it was mainly affected by environmental factors (PAR) after precipitation. The photosynthetic traits of Populus spp. were relatively stable under both drought and after precipitation, and they were mainly affected by environmental factors (PAR); ③ To adapt drought environment, C.microphylla maintained a low T_r and a high water use efficiency (WUE), while Populus spp. adapted drought by high P_n and T_r and low WUE. After precipitation, the change of photosynthetic traits of C.microphylla was more significant than that of Populus spp. and the former was more sensitive to precipitation than the latter. In mixed community of C.microphylla and Populus spp., the adaptability of the two plant species to precipitation was significantly different, and C.microphylla had a higher adaptability to environment changes.

Key words: photosynthetic trait, Caragana microphylla, Populus spp., drought, precipitation, Horqin sandy land, Inner Mongolia

包永志, 刘廷玺, 段利民, 王冠丽, 祁秀娇, 黄天宇, 黎明扬.

科尔沁沙地混生小叶锦鸡儿和人工杨树光合特性及其对气候的响应 [J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(2): 420-429.

BAO Yong-zhi, LIU Ting-xi, DUAN Li-min, WANG Guan-li, QI Xiu-jiao, HUANG Tian-Yu, LI Ming-Yang. Photosynthetic Traits of Caragana microphylla and Populus spp. and Their Responses to Climate in the Horqin Sandy Land[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(2): 420-429.

参考文献 34

[1]	岳广阳,张铜会,赵哈林,等.科尔沁沙地黄柳和小叶锦鸡儿茎流及蒸腾特征[J].生态学报,2006,26(10):3 205-3 213.[Yue Guangyang,Zhang Tonghui,Zhao Halin,et al.Characteristic of sap flow and transpiration of Salix gordejevii and Caragana microphylla in Horqin sandy land,northeast China[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(10):3 205-3 213.]
[2]	吕扬,刘廷玺,闫雪,等.科尔沁沙丘-草甸相间地区黄柳和小叶锦鸡儿光合速率对照光强和CO2浓度的响应[J].生态学杂志,2016,35(12):3 157-3 164.[Lü Yang,Liu Tingxi,Yan Xue,et al.Response of photosynthetic rate of Salix gordejevii and Caragana microphylla to light intensity and CO2 concentration in the dunemeadow transitional area of Horqin sandy land[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2016,35(12):3 157-3 164.]
[3]	闫雪,刘廷玺,吕扬,等.科尔沁沙丘-草甸相间地区过渡带人工杨树林蒸腾耗水特征[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(6):1 571-1 579.[Yan Xue,Liu Tingxi,Lü Yang,et al.Transpiration of artificial populus forest in the dunes-meadow ecotone of Horqin sandy land[J].Journal of Desert Research,2016,36(6):1 571-1 579.]
[4]	马仁义,张茜,张强,等.持续干旱对侧柏和祁连圆柏叶片水分状况及光合作用的影响[J].干旱区研究,2010,27(1):88-96.[Ma Renyi,Zhang Xi,Zhang Qiang,et al.Effects of continuous drought on water status and photosynthesis of leaves of Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco and Juniperus przewalskii Kom[J].Arid Zone Research,2010,27(1):88-96.]
[5]	李熙萌,卢之遥,马帅,等.沙生植物差巴嘎蒿光合特性及其模拟研究[J].草业科学,2011,20(6):293-298.[Li Ximeng,Lu Zhiyao,Ma Shuai,et al.A study on photosynthetic characteristics and simulation of the psammophyte Artemisia halodendorn[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2011,20(6):293-298.]
[6]	秦景,贺康宁,朱艳艳.库布齐沙漠几种常见灌木光合生理特征与土壤含水量的关系[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(1):37-43.[Qin Jing,He Kangning,Zhu Yanyan.Relationship between photosynthetic physiological characteristics of several common shrub species and soil water content in Hobq desert of Inner Mongolia,Northern China[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2009,31(1):37-43.]
[7]	韩刚,赵忠.不同土壤水分下4种沙生灌木的光合光响应特性[J].生态学报,2010,30(15):4 019-4 026.[Han Gang,Zhao Zhong.Light response characteristics of photosynthesis of four xerophilous shrubs under different soil moistures[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(15):4 019-4 026.]
[8]	迟琳琳.科尔沁沙地4种灌木对干旱胁迫的生理响应[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(5):158-162.[Chi Linlin.The physiological response to drought stress for four landscape-economical shrubs in Horqin sandy land[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2017,31(5):158-162.]
[9]	付士磊,周永斌,何兴元,等.干旱胁迫对杨树光合生理指标的影响[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(11):2 016-2 019.[Fu Shilei,Zhou Yongbin,He Xingyuan,et al.Effects of drought stress on photosynthesis physiology of Populus pseudo-simonii[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2006,17(11):2 016-2 019.]
[10]	Duan L M,Liu T X,Wang X X,et al.Spatio-temporal variations in soil moisture and physicochemical properties of a typical semiarid sand-meadow-desert landscape as influenced by land use[J].Hydrologyand Earth System Sciences,2011,15 (6):1 865-1 877.
[11]	周全来,杨弘,蒋德明,等.科尔沁沙地生态防护林体系防护效应评价[J].应用生态学报,2013,32(3):787-794.[Zhou Quanlai,Yang Hong,Jiang Deming,et al.Effect evaluation of various protective systems in the Horqin sand land[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2013,32(3):787-794.]
[12]	李林芝,张德罡,辛晓平,等.呼伦贝尔草甸草原不同土壤水分梯度下羊草的光合特性[J].生态学报,2009,29(10):5 271-5 279.[Li Linzhi,Zhang Degang,Xin Xiaoping,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of Leymus chinensis under different soil moisture grades in Hulunber Prairie[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2009,29(10):5 271-5 279.]
[13]	段利民,童新,吕扬,等.固沙植被黄柳、小叶锦鸡儿蒸腾耗水尺度提升研究[J].自然资源学报,2018,33(1):52-62.[Duan Limin,Tong Xin,Lü Yang,et al.Upscaling of the transpiration and water consumption of sand-fixing vegetation Salix gordejevii and Caragana microphylla[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2018,33(1):52-62.]
[14]	王婧,刘廷玺,雷慧闽,等.基于涡度相关的半干旱沙区沙丘-草甸水热通量对比分析[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(3):593-600.[Wang Jing,Liu Tingxi,Lei Huimin,et al.Heat and water vapor fluxes of dune-meadow landscape in semiarid area based on eddy covariance measurements[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(3):593-600.]
[15]	吴桂林,蒋少伟,周天河,等.不同地下水埋深胡杨与柽柳幼苗的水分利用策略比较[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(1):1 209-1 216.[Wu Guilin,Jiang Shaowei,Zhou Tianhe,et al.Water use strategies of seedlings of Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima under different groundwater depths[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(1):1 209-1 216.]
[16]	严巧娣,苏培玺,高松.干旱程度对C3植物红砂和C4植物珍珠光合生理参数的影响[J].中国沙漠,2012,32(2):365-371.[Yan Qiaodi,Su Peixi,Gao Song.Response of photosynthetic characteristics of C3 desert plant Reaumuria soongorica and C4 desert plant Salsola passerina to different drought degrees[J].Journal of Desert Research,2012,32(2):365-371.]
[17]	宋小园,朱仲元,刘艳伟,等.通径分析在SPSS逐步线性回归中的实现[J].干旱区研究,2016,33(1):108-113.[Song Xiaoyuan,Zhu Zhongyuan,Liu Yanwei,et al.Application of path analysis in stepwise liner regression SPSS[J].Arid Zone Research,2016,33(1):108-113.]
[18]	靳甜甜,傅伯杰,刘国华,等.不同坡位沙棘光合日变化及其主要环境因子[J].生态学报,2011,31(7):1 783-1 793.[Jin Tiantian,Fu Bojie,Liu Guohua,et al.Diurnal changes of photosynthetic characteristics of Hippophae rhamnoides and the relevant environment factors at different slope locations[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(7):1 783-1 793.]
[19]	刘颖慧,高琼,贾海坤.半干旱地区3种植物叶片水平的抗旱耐旱特性分析——两个气孔导度模型的应用和比较[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(1):64-70.[Liu Yinghui,Gao Qiong,Jia Haikun.Leaf-scale drought resistance and tolerance of three plant species in a semi-arid environment:Application and comparison of two stomatal conductance models[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2006,30(1):64-70.]
[20]	田媛,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,徐贵青.梭梭与白梭梭气体交换特征对比分析[J].干旱区研究,2014,31(3):542-549.[Tian Yuan,Taxiplat Teybay,Xu Guiqing,et al.Gas exchange of Haloxylon ammodendron and Haloxylon persicum[J].Arid Zone Research,2014,31(3):542-549.]
[21]	Farquhar G D,Sharkey T D.Stomatal conductance and photosynthesis[J].Annual Review of Plant Physiology,1982,33(1):317-345.
[22]	丁俊祥,邹杰,唐立松,等.克里雅河流域荒漠-绿洲交错带3种不同生活型植物的光合特性[J].生态学报,2015,35(3):733-741.[Ding Junxiang,Zou Jie,Tang Lisong,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics of three different life-form plants in the desert-oasis ecotone of Keriya River Basin[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(3):733-741.]
[23]	张津林,张志强,查同刚,等.沙地杨树人工林生理生态特性[J].生态学报,2006,26(5):1 524-1 531. [Zhang Jinlin,Zhang Zhiqiang,Zha Tonggang,et al.Physiological regulations of photosynthesis in a poplar plantation on a sandy soil[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(5):1 524-1 531.]
[24]	于文颖,纪瑞鹏,冯锐,等.不同生育期玉米叶片光合特性及水分利用效率对水分胁迫的响应[J].生态学报,2015,35(9):2 902-2 909.[Yu Wenying,Ji Ruipeng,Feng Rui,et al.Response of water stress on photosynthetic characteristics and water use efficiency of maize leaves in different growth stage[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(9):2 902-2 909.]
[25]	Haldimann P,Feller U.Inhibition of photosynthesis by high temperature in oak (Quercus pubescens L.) leaves grown under natural conditions closely correlates with a reversible heatdependent reduction of the activation state of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase[J].Plant Cell and Environment,2004,27(9):1 169-1 183.
[26]	Givnish T J.On the adaptive significance of leaf form[C]//Solbrig O T,Jain S,Johnson G B,et al.Topics in Plant Population Biology.New York:Columbia University Press,1979:375-407.
[27]	Heschel M S,Riginos C.Mechanisms of selection for drought stress tolerance and avoidance in Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae)[J].American Journal of Botany,2005,92(1):37-44.
[28]	牛存洋,阿拉木萨,宗芹,等.科尔沁沙地小叶锦鸡儿地上-地下生物量分配格局[J].生态学杂志,2013,32(8):1 980-1 986.[Niu Cunyang,A La musa,Zong Qin,et al.Allocation patterns of above-and below-ground biomass of Caragana microphylla in Horqin Sandy Land,North China[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(8):1 980-1 986.]
[29]	马木木,李熙萌,石沙.科尔沁沙地黄柳(Salix gordejevii)光合特性[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(2):352-357.[Ma Mumu,Li Ximeng,Shi Sha.Photosynthetic characteristics of Salix gordejevii in Horqin sandy land[J].Journal of Desert Research,2015,35(2):352-357.]
[30]	高琛,杨新兵,鲁绍伟,等.北京沙地杨树人工林生态系统水分利用策略[J].东北林业大学学报,2014,42(1)1:80-85.[Gao Chen,Yang Xinbing,Lu Shaowei,et al.Strategies on water utilization of poplar plantation ecosystem in Beijing sandy area[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2014,42(1)1:80-85.]
[31]	李雪松,贾德彬,钱龙娇,等.基于稳定同位素技术分析不同生长季节杨树水分利用[J].生态学杂志,2018,37(3):840-846.[Li Xuesong,Jia Debin,Qian Longjiao,et al.Water use strategy of poplar (Populus alba) in different growing seasons based on isotopic analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(3):840-846.]
[32]	郑肖然,赵国琴,李小雁,等.氢同位素在内蒙古小叶锦鸡儿灌丛水分来源研究中的应用[J].植物生态学报,2015,39(2):184-196.[Zheng Xiaoran,Zhao Guoqin,Li Xiaoyan,et al.Application of stable hydrogen isotope in study of water sources for Caragana microphylla bushland in Nei Mongol[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2015,39(2):184-196.]
[33]	杨司睿,范井伟,孙永强,等.罗布泊腹地人工植被梭梭的光学特性及其对干旱胁迫的响应[J].干旱区研究,2018,35(2):379-386.[Yang Sirui,Fan Jingwei,Sun Yongqiang,et al.Photosynthetic characteristics and response of Haloxylon ammodendorn to drought stress in hinterland of the Lop Nur[J].Arid Zone Research,2018,35(2):379-386.]
[34]	褚建民,邓东周,王琼,等.降雨量变化对樟子松生理生态特性的影响[J].生态学杂志,2011,30(12):2 672-2 678.[Chu Jianmin,Deng Dongzhou,Wang Qiong,et al.Effects of precipitation change on eco-physiological characteristics of Mongolian pine[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2011,30(12):2 672-2 678.]