应用叶绿素荧光技术快速预警乌鲁木齐典型农作物干旱胁迫

干旱区研究 ›› 2013, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (5): 860-866.

应用叶绿素荧光技术快速预警乌鲁木齐典型农作物干旱胁迫

童小芹^1,2, 王淑智³, 夏咏¹, 张晔⁴, 刘越芳⁵, 潘响亮³

1．新疆农业大学经贸学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052； 2. 乌鲁木齐市科技局，新疆乌鲁木齐 830000；

3. 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011； 4. 新疆农业大学管理学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052；
5. 科技部信息中心，北京 100862）

收稿日期:2013-05-22 修回日期:2013-06-17 出版日期:2013-09-15 发布日期:2013-09-22
作者简介:童小芹（1967-），女，博士，主要从事都市农业经济研究. E-mail: tongxq@sina.cn
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展计划课题“西北干旱区水资源安全和适应性调控”（2010CB951004）；新疆维吾尔自治区社科基金项目“乌鲁木齐都市农业可持续发展研究”（10CJY028）

Early-warning of Drought Stress for Typical Crops in Urumqi  with Chlorophyll Fluorescence Technique

TONG Xiao-Qin^1,2, WANG Shu-Zhi³, XIA Yong,1 ZHANG Ye⁴, LIU Yue-Fang⁵, PAN Xiang-Liang³

1. College of Economics and Trade, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;

2. Urumqi Bureau of Science and Technology, Urumqi 830000, China;

3. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China;

4. College of Management, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China;
5. The information Center of the Ministry of Science and Technology, Beijing 100862, China

Received:2013-05-22 Revised:2013-06-17 Published:2013-09-15 Online:2013-09-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过叶绿素荧光技术，分析了黄瓜、番茄、茄子、辣椒4种乌鲁木齐典型农作物幼苗在干旱胁迫过程中光系统（PSⅠ、PSⅡ）活性的变化特点，同时分析了土壤含水量和叶绿素荧光参数之间的相关关系。结果表明：在干旱胁迫下，4种农作物幼苗的光系统活力受到土壤水分含量变化的影响。Fv/Fm、Y(II)（实际量子产量）随土壤水分含量降低逐渐受到抑制，在土壤失水严重时显著降低。Y(NO)（非调节性能量耗散的量子产量）在干旱胁迫过程中逐渐增加。PSⅡ反应中心潜在活性Fv/F0在指示干旱胁迫危害和鉴别不同植物耐旱性时具有一定优势。通过土壤含水量和叶绿素荧光参数的相关分析发现，土壤含水量与Fv/Fm、Fv/F0、Y(II)和Y(ND)（非光化学能量耗散的量子产量）等呈显著正相关关系，与Y(NO)和Y(I)呈显著负相关关系。叶绿素荧光参数可以反映植株在干旱胁迫下的生理状态，也可以作为土壤水分含量的指示物，对农作物幼苗的干旱胁迫程度做出快速预警。同时，通过干旱胁迫下叶绿素荧光参数的对比，还发现幼苗之间的耐旱性差异，茄子抗旱能力优于其他3种农作物幼苗，黄瓜和番茄幼苗耐旱能力相似，辣椒的耐旱性比其他3种农作物幼苗差。

关键词: font-family: 宋体, mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体, mso-font-kerning: 1.0pt, mso-ansi-language: EN-US, mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN, 干旱胁迫')">mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">干旱胁迫, 农作物, 幼苗, 土壤含水量, 叶绿素荧光, 光系统, 预警, 乌鲁木齐

Abstract: The change characteristics of the activity of Photosystem II and I of 4 typical crops (Cucumis sativus L.,Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.,Capsicum annuum L. and Solanum melongena L.) at their seedling stage in Urumqi under drought stress were investigated by chlorophyll fluorescence and absorbance spectroscopy. The relationships between soil moisture content and the photosynthetic parameters were also discussed. The results revealed that, under drought stress, the photosystem performance was dependent on soil moisture content. Fv/Fm and Y(II) were gradually restricted with decreasing soil moisture content, and it was significantly decreased with an occurrence of serious soil moisture deficiency. On the contrary, Y(NO) was gradually increased with decreasing soil moisture content. The potential PSⅡ reaction center activity, Fv/F0, was a promising indicator for distinguishing the tolerance of crops to drought stress and for early-warning drought stress. Soil moisture content had the significant positive correlations with Fv/Fm,Fv/F0, Y(II) and Y(ND),but the significant negative ones with Y(NO) and Y(I). Chlorophyll fluorescence parameters could be used to indicate the physiological status of crops and soil moisture content and to early warn the response of crop seedlings to drought stress. The study results also revealed that there was a difference in tolerance of seedlings of the 4 crops to drought stress. The tolerance of S. melongena L. seedling to drought stress was the highest, then that of C. sativus L. and L. esculentum Mill. seedlings, and that of C. annuum L. seedling was the lowest.

Key words:

drought stress, crop, seedling, soil moisture content, chlorophyll fluorescence, photosystem, early-warning, Urumqi

童小芹, 王淑智, 夏咏, 张晔, 刘越芳, 潘响亮. 应用叶绿素荧光技术快速预警乌鲁木齐典型农作物干旱胁迫[J]. 干旱区研究, 2013, 30(5): 860-866.

TONG Xiao-Qin, WANG Shu-Zhi, XIA Yong, ZHANG Ye, LIU Yue-Fang, PAN Xiang-Liang. Early-warning of Drought Stress for Typical Crops in Urumqi  with Chlorophyll Fluorescence Technique[J]. , 2013, 30(5): 860-866.

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