乌鲁木齐大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）离子化学组分及影响因素

干旱区研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 713-720.

乌鲁木齐大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）离子化学组分及影响因素

刘新春, 钟玉婷, 何清, 杨浩

中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所，中国气象局树木年轮理化研究重点开放实验室/新疆树木年轮生态重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐　830002

收稿日期:2011-08-19 修回日期:2011-10-25 出版日期:2012-07-15 发布日期:2012-09-11
作者简介:刘新春（1977－）,男,湖南邵阳人,副研究员,主要从事大气环境科学及相关学科研究.E-mail: liuxinchun2001@163.com
基金资助:
公益性行业（气象）科研专项（GYHY201006012，GYHY201106025）；中国沙漠气象科学研究基金（Sqj2008009，Sqj2009014）；中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金项目（IDM 201003）及新疆大学绿洲生态重点实验室开放课题（XJDX0206-2009-02）共同资助

The Features of Ionic Components of TSP and Their Affecting Factors over Urumqi

LIU Xin-Chun, ZHONG Yu-Ting, HE Qing, YANG Hao

Institute of Desert Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research, China Meteorological Administration/Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Ecology, Urumqi 830002, Xinjiang, China

Received:2011-08-19 Revised:2011-10-25 Online:2012-07-15 Published:2012-09-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用2009年乌鲁木齐4个大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）观测站点资料，采用离子色谱仪分析了TSP中水溶性离子成分。结果表明：① 2009年乌鲁木齐市区3站总离子浓度为151.28 μg/m³，白杨沟为40.83 μg/m³。4站NO₃^-/SO4^2-比值较小，表明乌鲁木齐大气污染主要来自于固定污染源。② 2009年乌鲁木齐4站TSP中SO₄^2-、Ca²⁺、NO₃^-和NH₄⁺的浓度高于其他各离子，各站离子浓度有明显的季节变化特征，采暖期各离子浓度明显增加，SO₄^2-、NO₃^-增幅最大。③ 对各主要离子进行相关性分析，得到NH₄⁺与SO₄^2-的相关系数为0.828，与NO₃^-的相关系数为0.659，说明铵盐化合物主要以硫酸铵和硝酸铵的形式存在；SO₄^2-与NO₃^-的相关性很大，相关系数为0.973，表明二者主要来自二氧化硫和氮氧化物，排放方式与在大气中的传输途径较一致；地壳元素Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺有很好的相关性，相关系数是0.914，表明二者来源相似，可能主要来自风沙土壤尘、道路尘和建筑尘。

关键词: 大气污染, 总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）, 化学成分, 乌鲁木齐

Abstract: This paper analyzed the watersoluble ionic components of TSP over Urumqi in 2009 based on the data of atmospheric total suspended particles (TSP) measured with ion chromatographers at 4 observation sites. The results are as follows: (1) The total ion concentration which was averaged with the values measured at three stations over Urumqi City was 151.28 μg/m³, and the total ion concentration at Baiyang Station was 40.83 μg/m³. The ratio of NO₃^-_/SO₄ ^2-at all the 4 stations was low, which revealed that the atmospheric pollution was mainly from the fixed pollution sources in Urumqi; (2) SO₄^2-, Ca²⁺, NO₃^- and NH₄⁺levels were higher than the other ions of TSP in 2009. There were the significant seasonal variations of concentration of ions. All the concentrations of ions, especially that of SO₄^2- and NO₃^-, were obviously increased in heating season; (3) Correlation analyses of all the ions were carried out, the results showed that the correlation coefficient between NH₄⁺ and SO₄^2- was 0.828, and that between NH₄⁺and NO₃^-was 0.659, these revealed that ammonium compounds were dominated by ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate. The correlation coefficient between NO₃^- and SO₄^2- was 0.973, which revealed that NO₃^- and SO₄^2- came mainly from sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides. There was a good correlation between crust elements Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺, and their correlation coefficient was as high as 0.914, which revealed that the sources of these two crust elements were similar, and these elements came mainly from dust weather, road dust and construction dust.

Key words: atmospheric pollution, TSP, chemical composition, Urumqi

刘新春, 钟玉婷, 何清, 杨浩. 乌鲁木齐大气总悬浮颗粒物（TSP）离子化学组分及影响因素[J]. 干旱区研究, 2012, 29(4): 713-720.

LIU Xin-Chun, ZHONG Yu-Ting, HE Qing, YANG Hao. The Features of Ionic Components of TSP and Their Affecting Factors over Urumqi[J]. , 2012, 29(4): 713-720.

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