干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2012, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (2): 335-341.

• 水土资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

石羊河中下游河岸带植被对地下水位变化的响应

 刘虎俊1,2, 刘世增1, 李毅2, 杨自辉1, 李银科1, 张莹花1, 郭春秀1, 刘淑娟1   

    1. 甘肃省荒漠化与风沙灾害防治重点实验室-省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地，甘肃省治沙研究所，甘肃 兰州 730070；
    2. 甘肃农业大学，甘肃 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2011-04-24 修回日期:2011-05-27 出版日期:2012-03-15 发布日期:2012-04-10
  • 作者简介:刘虎俊（1965－），男，甘肃礼县人，博士研究生，主要从事风沙工程和荒漠生态研究.E-mial:liuhujun66@sina.com
  • 基金资助:

    国家自然基金项目（31060080)；甘肃省技术研究与开发专项计划项目(0805TCYH030)

Response of Riparian Vegetation to the Change of Groundwater Level at Middle and Lower Reaches of the Shiyang River

 LIU  Hu-Jun1,2, LIU  Shi-Zeng,1 LI  Yi2, YANG  Zi-Hui1, LI  Yin-Ke1, ZHANG  Ying-Hua1, GUO  Chun-Xiu1, LIU  Shu-Juan1   

    1. State Key Laboratory of Desertification and Aeolian Sand Disaster Reduction & Gansu Desert Control Research Institute, Lanzhou 730070, China;
    2. Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 7300070, China
  • Received:2011-04-24 Revised:2011-05-27 Online:2012-03-15 Published:2012-04-10

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摘要： 通过对石羊河中下游河岸带的地下水位定位观测及植被和土壤水盐含量调查发现：河岸带地下水位与河床横向间距呈正相关；在长流水河段的河岸带，以植被类型、物种丰富度和植被盖度与河床间距的关系，判断河流影响地下水位距河床的范围约为130 m，但对于河岸带植被作用距河床横向间距可达500 m。在断流河段，距古河床0~200 m区间内分布河岸植物种。虽然石羊河下游断流，但河流地貌影响地下水位，有利于植物生长。调查区域内有5个植被型，12个群系和29个群丛，河岸带发育隐域植被类型。当地下水位≤2 m时，沼泽草甸发育；当地下水位3~6 m时，以芦苇、赖草和骆驼蓬为建群种的盐化草甸发育；地下水位≤14 m时，则柽柳灌丛繁茂。石羊河的径流量丰欠影响河岸带地下水位变化，河岸带植被组成、结构和分布响应地下水位埋深。

关键词: 河岸带, 地下水位, 土壤水分, 土壤盐分, 植被类型, 石羊河

Abstract: Located in a zone of 36°29′-39°27′ N and 101°41′-104°16′ E, the Shiyang River Basin is one of the inland river basins where the environment is strongly disturbed by human activities, and its degeneration is resulted in. It is an important reference to study the relationship between water conditions of riverbank and riparian vegetation for revealing ecological management and regenerating entironment in the Shiyang River Basin. In September and October 2009, the vegetation, soil and water conditions were investigated in the riparian region, the study area was divided into two types, i.e. the regions with and without runoff, and then the data were analyzed. In addition, the groundwater level was observed every two months during the period of 2009-2010. The analyzed results show that there was a positive correlation between groundwater level and distance away from the river channel. The types and richness of plant communities of the riparian vegetation in the Shiyang River Basin were reduced with the increase of distance away from the river channel. In the riparian region with runoff, the change of groundwater level responded to the runoff volume at a belt of 130 m in width. The belt width of riparian vegetation, decided by distribution of the types of plant communities, vegetation coverage and groundwater level at riparian zone, was about 500 m at the middle and lower reaches of the Shiyang River. At a zone 500 m in width away from the river channel, the types and richness of plant communities of the riparian vegetation were more than that in a zone further than 500 m, soil moisture content was higher, total salt content was lower, and the vegetation coverage was higher. At the riparian region without runoff, there was a positive correlation between the depth of groundwater level and the distance away from the river channel. The riparian plant species might be found in a zone 200 m in width away from the dried-up river channel. Although stream flow was cut off at the lower reaches, the river landforms were benefit to water storage and plant growth. Vegetation at the riparian region of the study area could be classified into 12 communities and 29 sub-communities in 5 vegetation types. The riparian plant communities responded to the groundwater level.

Key words: riparian region, groundwater level, soil moisture content, soil salt content, vegetation type, Shiyang River