基于Biolog-ECO技术不同退耕年限苜蓿地土壤微生物功能多样性分析

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (4): 630-637.

基于Biolog-ECO技术不同退耕年限苜蓿地土壤微生物功能多样性分析

董立国, 蒋齐, 蔡进军, 张源润, 许浩, 李生宝

宁夏农林科学院荒漠化治理研究所, 宁夏银川 750002

收稿日期:2010-05-14 修回日期:2010-08-17 出版日期:2011-08-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
作者简介:董立国(1980-),男,宁夏青铜峡人,助理研究员,主要从事保护性农业、生态与环境等研究工作.E-mail:dlg0303@163.com
基金资助:
国家"十一五"科技攻关计划重大项目(2006BAC01A07)和国家自然科学基金(40861028,41061034)资助

Analysis on Functional Diversity of Edaphon Communities in Medicago sativa Fields of Different Growth Years Based on Biolog-ECO Plates

DONG Li-guo, JIANG Qi, CAI Jin-jun, ZHANG Yuan-run, XU Hao, LI Sheng-bao

Institute of desertification control, Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Yinchuan 750002, China

Received:2010-05-14 Revised:2010-08-17 Published:2011-08-25 Online:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 运用Biolog-ECO技术,分析半干旱黄土丘陵区不同生长年限紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)地和坡耕地土壤微生物功能多样性。结果表明:① 在0～15 cm土层,平均吸光值总体变化趋势为生长旺盛苜蓿地显著优于极度退化苜蓿地、退化苜蓿地和坡耕地,坡耕地最差;在15～30 cm土层,平均吸光值总体变化趋势为极度退化苜蓿地平均吸光值最大,即活性最强,退化苜蓿地最低。② 0～15 cm土壤微生物Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou均匀度指数、Simpson指数、丰富度指数总体趋势,苜蓿地高于坡耕地,坡耕地最低;15～30 cm坡耕地和极度退化苜蓿地土壤微生物多样性指数接近,并且优于生长旺盛阶段苜蓿地和退化苜蓿地,退化苜蓿地最低。③ 土壤微生物功能多样性PCA分析,0～15 cm和15～30 cm坡耕地和极度退化苜蓿地土壤微生物功能多样性具有相似性,可以划分为一组,生长旺盛苜蓿地和退化苜蓿地各为一组。不同年限苜蓿地和坡耕地土壤微生物对不同碳源利用状况不同。④ 总体得出土壤微生物多样性的顺序:生长旺盛期>极度退化苜蓿地>坡耕地>退化苜蓿地。

关键词: 土壤, 微生物, 多样性指数, Biolog-ECO, 紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa), 坡耕地, 生态恢复, 黄土丘陵区

Abstract: In this paper, the Biolog-ECO plates (Biolog, USA) were used to study the functional diversity of edaphon communities in Medicago sativa fields of different growth years in a semiarid loess hilly region. The results are as follows: (1) In the 0-15 cm soil layer, the average absorbance value in vigorous Medicago sativa fields was significantly higher than that in the severely degenerated Medicago sativa fields, degenerated Medicago sativa fields and slope farmland, especially the slope farmland; in the 15-30 cm soil layer, the average absorbance value of severely degenerated Medicago sativa fields was the highest, and it was the lowest in degenerated Medicago sativa fields; (2) In the 0-15 cm soil layer, the Shannon-Wiener index, Pielou index, Simpson index and richness index of Medicago sativa fields were holistically higher than those of slope farmland. In the 15-30 cm soil layer, the diversity index of edaphon of slope farmland was similar to that of severely degenerated Medicago sativa fields but higher than that of degenerated Medicago sativa fields and vigorous Medicago sativa fields, and that of degenerate Medicago sativa fields was the lowest; (3) Principal component analysis (PCA) of functional diversity of edaphon reveals that the functional diversity of edaphon in soil layers of 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm of slope farmland was similar to that of degenerated Medicago sativa fields. The use status of different carbon sources of Medicago sativa fields of different growth years was different; (4) Diversity of edaphon was holistically in an order of vigorous Medicago sativa fields > severely degenerated Medicago sativa fields > slope farmland > degenerated Medicago sativa fields.

Key words: edaphon, diversity index, Biolog-ECO, Medicago sativa, slope farmland, ecological regeneration, loess hilly region

中图分类号:

S154.4

董立国, 蒋齐, 蔡进军, 张源润, 许浩, 李生宝. 基于Biolog-ECO技术不同退耕年限苜蓿地土壤微生物功能多样性分析[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(4): 630-637.

DONG Li-guo, JIANG Qi, CAI Jin-jun, ZHANG Yuan-run, XU Hao, LI Sheng-bao. Analysis on Functional Diversity of Edaphon Communities in Medicago sativa Fields of Different Growth Years Based on Biolog-ECO Plates[J]. , 2011, 28(4): 630-637.

参考文献

[1] Vitousek P M,Matson P A.Mechanism of nitrogen retention in forest ecosystem[J].Science,1984,225:51-52.

[2] Kennedy A C,Smith K L.Microbial diversity and sustainability of agricultural soils[J].Plant Soil,1995,23(2):69-79.

[3] Lammar R T,Dietrich D M.Insitu depletion of pentachlorophenol from contaminated soil by Phanerochaete spp.[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,1990,56(10):3 093-3 100.

[4] 沈萍,陈向东.微生物学复兴的机遇、挑战和趋势[J].微生物学报,2010,50(1):1-6.

[5] 郑华,欧阳志云,方志国,等.Biolog 在土壤微生物群落功能多样性研究的应用[J].土壤学报,2004,41 (3):456-461.

[6] 章家恩,蔡燕飞,高爱霞,等,土壤微生物多样性实验研究方法概述[J].土壤,2004,36(4):346-350.[Zhang Jia'en,Cai Yanfei,Gao Aixia,et al.Review on laboratory methods for soil microbial diversity[J].Soils,2004 ,36(4):346-350.]

[7] 徐华勤,肖润林,宋同清,等.稻草覆盖与间作三叶草对丘陵茶园土壤微生物群落功能的影响[J].生物多样性,2008,16(2):166-174.

[8] Rogers B F,Tate R L.Temporal analysis of the soil microbial community along a toposequence in Pineland soils [J].Soil Biology & Biochemistry,2001,33:1 389-1 401.

[9] 尚文勤,朱利平,孙庆业,等.自然生态恢复过程中尾矿废弃地土壤微生物变化[J].生态环境,2008,17(2):713-717.

[10] 董立国,袁汉民,李生宝,等.玉米免耕秸秆覆盖对土壤微生物群落功能多样性的影响[J],生态环境学报,2010(2):444-446.

[11] Sun Tianran,Cang Long,Wang Quanying,et al.Roles of abiotic losses,microbes,plant roots,and root exudates on phytoremediation of PAHs in a barren soil[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials ,2010,176:919-925.

[12] Chandra Shekhar Nautiyal,Ateequr Rehman,Puneet Singh Chauhan.Environmental escherichia coli occur as natural plant growth-promoting soil bacterium[J].Archives Microbiology,2010,192:185-193.

[13] Weber Kela P,Legge Raymond L.Method for the detachment of culturable bacteria from wetland gravel[J].Journal of Microbiological Methods,2010,80:242-250.

[14] Velascoa A,Garcia-Villaraco,Probanza A,et al. Effect of fire and retardant on soil microbial activity and functional diversity in a Mediterranean pasture[J].Geoderma,2009,153:186-193.

[15] 张春霞, 郝明德, 王旭刚,等.黄土高原地区紫花苜蓿生长过程中土壤养分的变化规律[J].西北植物学报,2004,24(6):1 107-1 111.

[16] 方新宇,李军,王学春.黄土高原半湿润区苜蓿草地土壤干燥化与草粮轮作水分恢复效应[J].中国农业科学,2010,43(16):3 348-3 356.

[17] Dobranic J K,Zak J C.A microtiter plate procedure for evaluating fungal functional diversity [J].Mycologia,1999,91:756-765 .

[18] 邰继承,张丽妍,杨恒山.种植年限对紫花苜蓿栽培草地草产量及土壤氮、磷、钾含量的影响[J].草业科学,2009,26(12):82-86.

[19] 曹永红,贾志宽,韩清芳.苜蓿生长年限对其产量及土壤性状的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2008,26(3):104-108.

[20] 孔维栋,朱永官,傅伯杰,等.农业土壤微生物基因与群落多样性研究进展[J].生态学报,2004,24(12):2 894-2 900.

[21] 徐丽君,王波,玉柱,等.不同生长年限敖汉苜蓿草地土壤呼吸研究[J].干旱区研究,2009,26(1):14-20.[Xu Lijun,Wang Bo,Yu Zhu,et al.Soil respiration infields of Medicago sativa L.cv.Aohan with different growth years[J].Arid Zone Research,2009,26(1):14-20.]

[22] Wander M M,Hdrick D S,Kaufman D,et al.The functional significance of the microbial biomass in organic and conventionally managed soils[J].Plant and Soil,1995,170:87-97.

[23] Lupwayi N Z,Rice W A,Clayton G W.Soil microbial diversity and community structure under wheat as influenced by tillage and crop rotation[J].Soil Biology and Biochemistry,1998,30(13):1 733-1 741.