人类活动对亚洲中部水环境安全的威胁

干旱区研究 ›› 2011, Vol. 28 ›› Issue (2): 189-197.

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人类活动对亚洲中部水环境安全的威胁

胡汝骥, 陈曦, 姜逢清, 王亚俊, 吉力力·阿不都外力, 阿不都米吉提·阿布力克木

中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2010-09-25 修回日期:2010-12-06 出版日期:2011-04-25 发布日期:2011-09-06
作者简介:胡汝骥(1935-),男,陕西韩城人,研究员,主要从事自然地理研究.E-mail:huruji@ms.xjb.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KZCX2-YW-T09,KZCX2-YW-GJ04)

Threat of Human Activities to Hydrological Regime in Central Asia

HU Ru-ji, CHEN Xi, JIANG Feng-qing, WANG Ya-jun, Jilili Abuduwaili, Abudumijit Abulekem

Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China

Received:2010-09-25 Revised:2010-12-06 Online:2011-04-25 Published:2011-09-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 主要依赖河流出山口的径流量维系山地-绿洲-荒漠间脆弱生态平衡的亚洲中部干旱区,其水分循环过程完全不同于湿润区。平原区不产生径流,地表水和地下水同源于山区,一个流域就是一个以地表水和地下水相互依赖的生态功能单元,其中河流是纽带,连接山区径流形成区与平原径流散失区或消耗区,以水分循环为主体,并与生物、生态系统紧密相联系,构成一个独特而又完整的內陆水分循环体系。自然要素的变化,特别是人类的参与或介入,改变了水分循环的规律,对亚洲中部干旱区水和环境的形成具有很大的威胁。用多年的观测数据来讨论人类活动的影响,并提出维系和保持干旱区水环境的建议。

关键词: 水环境, 水循环, 径流量, 环境安全, 干旱区, 亚洲中部

Abstract: In the arid climate areas in Central Asia, the low-land area and plains hardly generate any surface runoff due to inadequate precipitation, yet relatively sufficient precipitation in the mountains forms streams flowing to the plains. These streams are the primary sources of surface water in oases and deserts, redistribute the limited surface water resources, recharge groundwater in the plains, and sustain the fragile and unique ecosystems in the oases and deserts. Such ecosystems have been under the serious pressure from human activities in recent decades. Expansion of farmland, cities and towns increases the consumption of surface water and groundwater, disturbs the natural hydrological regime, and threatens the sustainability of ecosystems in the arid areas in Central Asia. In this paper, the impacts of human activities on hydrological regime and ecosystem health in the arid areas in Central Asia are discussed based on the multi-year observed data, and some mitigation strategies are suggested.

Key words: water environment, water cycle, runoff, environment security, arid area, Central Asia

中图分类号:

TV213

胡汝骥, 陈曦, 姜逢清, 王亚俊, 吉力力·阿不都外力, 阿不都米吉提·阿布力克木. 人类活动对亚洲中部水环境安全的威胁[J]. 干旱区研究, 2011, 28(2): 189-197.

HU Ru-ji, CHEN Xi, JIANG Feng-qing, WANG Ya-jun, Jilili Abuduwaili, Abudumijit Abulekem. Threat of Human Activities to Hydrological Regime in Central Asia[J]. , 2011, 28(2): 189-197.

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人类活动对亚洲中部水环境安全的威胁

Threat of Human Activities to Hydrological Regime in Central Asia

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