新疆绿洲盐碱地滴灌条件下地下水局部动态对荒地盐分的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2016.05.27

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究新疆绿洲盐碱地应用滴灌技术导致局部地下水位的提升和地下水矿化度的增加是否对附近荒地水分和盐分产生影响。以新疆北部典型绿洲原生盐碱地(下野地灌区)滴灌农田之间荒地为例,于2009—2013年连续5 a进行定位监测,分析土体内不同时期盐分、水分及离子含量的变化。发现荒地0～140 cm土体含盐量和含水率在棉花生育期至冻融期呈“弦式”周期性变化,含盐量在棉花生育期初至生育期末递增,冻融前至消融后递减;含水率的变化趋势与之相反。受滴灌棉田灌溉的影响,棉田地下水位随棉花生育期进程逐步提升,缩短了周边荒地上升毛管水的传导路径,为地下水矿化度的增加提供了相对充足的盐分来源,土体盐分在周边棉花生育期结束后的增加量大于越冬期冻融对其的淋洗量。年际间0～140 cm土体内储盐量以1 179.05 g·a^-1的速度递增,盐分的组成离子以Ca²⁺、Cl^-、Na⁺、Mg²⁺的增加为主。

关键词: 绿洲, 盐碱地, 滴灌, 地下水, 盐分, 新疆

Abstract: Groundwater level and salinity in some areas has been improved as drip irrigation is applied in oasis saline or alkaline land in Xinjiang. In this study,the effects of drip irrigation on groundwater level and salinity in wasteland in Xinjiang were explored. The wasteland between the drip irrigation farmland of typical oasis and the native saline or alkaline land in the Xiayedi Irrigated Area in north Xinjiang was taken as the study area to monitor the variation of groundwater level and salinity during the period of 2009-2013. The results revealed that the soil salinity and moisture content in soil layer of 0-140 cm deep in wasteland fluctuated in a periodic“sine or cosine”way from the cotton growth season to freezing-thawing period. Soil salinity was increased in cotton growth season but decreased in the freezing-thawing period. The groundwater level of cotton field was raised due to the influence of drip irrigation,because the transmission path of capillary water was shortened,and the abundant salt sources were increased. The storage of soil salt in soil layer of 0-140 cm in depth was increased by 1 179.05 g·a^-1,and the salt composition was mainly dominated by the increase of Ca²⁺,Cl^-,Na⁺ and Mg²⁺.

Key words: oasis, saline or alkaline land, drip irrigation, groundwater, salinity, Xinjiang

李文昊, 王振华, 郑旭荣, 张金珠. 新疆绿洲盐碱地滴灌条件下地下水局部动态对荒地盐分的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2016, 33(5): 1110-1118.

LI Wen-hao, WANG Zhen-hua, ZHENG Xu-rong, ZHANG Jin-zhu. Effects of Local Dynamic Change of Groundwater on Soil Salinity in Wasteland under Drip Irrigation in Saline or Alkaline Land of Oasis in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2016, 33(5): 1110-1118.

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