近57 a玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被变化

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2019.03.09

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用1958年航片和1976年、1987年、1998年、2006年和2015年5期遥感影像解译数据,运用ArcGIS软件提取矢量化数据,对玛纳斯河流域近57 a的土地利用/覆被变化进行分析。结果表明:① 玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被在1958—2015年发生了普遍变化,耕地、未利用地和建筑用地的面积不断增加,占流域总面积的比例分别为15.27%、4.6%和1.53%;而草地、林地和水域不断减少,减少面积占流域总面积的比例分别为13.5%、5.3%和2.55%。② 土地利用动态变化分析表明,玛纳斯河流域近57 a变化速度最快的是建筑用地,年变化率占流域总面积的12.37%;其次是耕地,年变化率占流域总面积的6.01％;此外,未利用地、林地、草地和水域的年变化率分别为0.21%、-0.99%、-0.54%和-1.39%。③ 土地利用变化改变了该流域的景观格局,导致景观结构破碎化。1958—2015年耕地、草地和未利用地的斑块数增加最多,分别增加了8.50×10⁵个、6.54×10⁵个和2.68×10⁵个;而平均斑块面积(MPS)却在不断减小,分别减小1.83 km²、26.11 km²和20.26 km²,其中耕地和草地破碎化增加。玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被变化的分析对于深入揭示流域土地利用变化的内部机制,促进流域水土资源的合理开发和维持地区生态安全具有重要的意义。

关键词: 土地利用/覆被变化, 动态变化, 斑块类型, 景观破碎化, 玛纳斯河流域

Abstract: In this paper,the land use/cover change in the Manas River Basin in recent 57 years was studied by using the extract vectorized data based on the aerial images in 1958 and the interpretation data of remote sensing images in 1976,1987,1998,2006 and 2015.The results showed that:① The land use/cover change in the Manas River Basin was general from 1958 to 2015,the areas of cultivated land,unused land and construction land were enlarged by 5 116.72 km²,1 543.32 km² and 513.83 km²,and the proportions of their total areas were increased by 15.27%,4.6% and 1.53%,respectively;while the proportions of grasslands,woodlands and waters were decreased by 13.5%,5.3% and 2.55% respectively;② According to the analyzed results of dynamic land use change,the change of construction land in the Manas River Basin in recent 57 years was the most significant with an annual change rate of 12.37%,and it was followed by the change of cultivated land with an annual change rate of 6.01%;in addition,the annual change rates of unused land,woodlands,grasslands and waters were 0.21%,-0.99%,-0.54% and -1.39% respectively;③ The land use change resulted in the change of the landscape pattern and towards a fragmental structure in the watershed.From 1958 to 2015,the numbers of patches of cultivated land,grasslands and unused land were increased most significantly,they were increased by 8.50×10⁵,6.54×10⁵ and 2.68×10⁵ respectively;on the contrary,the average areas were reduced by 1.83 km²,26.11 km² and 20.26 km² respectively,thus the fragmentation of cultivated land and grasslands occurred.Therefore,the analysis of land use/cover change in the Manas River Basin is of great significance for revealing the internal mechanism of land use change,promoting the rational development of land and water resources in the basin,and maintaining the regional ecological security.

Key words: land use/cover change, dynamic change, patch types, landscape fragmentation, Manas River Basin

阿依努·吐逊, 张青青, 徐海量, 赵新风, 张鹏. 近57 a玛纳斯河流域土地利用/覆被变化[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(3): 599-605.

Ayinu Tuxun, ZHANG Qing-qing, XU Hai-liang, ZHAO Xin-feng, ZHANG Peng. Land Use/Cover Change in the Manas River Basin in Recent 57 Years[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(3): 599-605.

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