内蒙古黄河流域生态保护恢复优先区识别

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.11.14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

如何科学识别生态保护恢复优先区域，分区实施不同生态恢复策略，是当前生态保护恢复工作面临的难题。本文以内蒙古黄河流域为研究对象，采用空间主成分分析法（SPCA）和形态学空间格局分析法（MSPA）等方法开展生态安全评价，并结合景观要素匹配度识别生态保护恢复区域。结果表明：（1）研究区以中等生态安全水平区域为主，占研究区面积的40.58%。（2） MSPA和最小累积阻力模型（MCR）分析显示研究区有14个生态源地（占研究区面积的20.92%）、42条生态廊道和78个生态节点。（3）研究区62个子流域中景观要素匹配等级高的子流域有8个，面积占比为23.34%，匹配等级低的子流域有38个，面积占比为43.20%。（4）研究区三级生态恢复优先区面积最大，占比为35.53%，一级生态恢复优先区面积占比为18.63%。基于生态保护恢复优先区识别结果，探讨了不同区域的恢复策略，可为内蒙古黄河流域生态保护与高质量发展提供依据。

关键词: 生态保护恢复优先区, 生态安全, 景观格局, 内蒙古黄河流域

Abstract:

Finding ways to scientifically identify the priority areas of ecological protection and restoration and implement adapted strategies in different regions is a challenge faced by current ecological protection and restoration work. This study was based on the Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia, and the ecological security evaluation was conducted using spatial principal component analysis (SPCA) and morphological spatial pattern analysis (MSPA). The ecological protection and restoration areas were identified by combining the matching degree of landscape elements. The results indicated that (1) the study area was dominated by areas with moderate ecological security, accounting for 40.58% of the total area. (2) 14 ecological sources (accounting for 20.92% of the study area), 42 ecological corridors, and 78 ecological nodes were identified by MSPA and minimum cumulative resistance model (MCR). (3) among the 62 sub-watersheds in the study area, 8 had a high matching level of landscape elements, accounting for 23.34% of the total area, and 38 watersheds had a low matching level, accounting for 43.20% of the total area. and (4) the priority areas of the third- and first-level ecological restoration accounted for 35.53% (the largest) and 18.63%, respectively. Based on the identification results of priority areas of ecological protection and restoration, the restoration strategies of different regions were discussed. Our results can provide a basis for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia.

Key words: priority areas for ecological protection and restoration, ecological security, landscape pattern, the Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia

陆莹, 张敏, 王彦阁. 内蒙古黄河流域生态保护恢复优先区识别[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(11): 1946-1955.

LU Ying, ZHANG Min, WANG Yange. Identification of priority areas for the ecological protection and restoration of the Yellow River Basin in Inner Mongolia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(11): 1946-1955.

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数据名称	格式	空间分辨率	来源
数字高程模型（DEM）	栅格数据	30 m	地理空间数据云（http://www.gscloud.cn/）
归一化植被指数（NDVI）	栅格数据	30 m	数字地球开放平台（https://open.geovisearth.com/）
土壤类型	栅格数据	1000 m	国家冰川冻土沙漠科学数据中心（http://www.ncdc.ac.cn）
土地利用	栅格数据	30 m	中国科学院资源环境科学数据中心（http://www.resdc.cn）
道路数据	矢量数据	-	OSM官网（https://download.geofabrik.de/）
夜间灯光	栅格数据	1000 m	Harvard Dataverse平台

评价维度	评价指标	生态安全等级分级标准
评价维度	评价指标	一	二	三	四	五
自然因素	海拔/m	1730~3304	1482~1730	1309~1482	1139~1309	813~1139
	坡度/（°）	>25	15~25	8~15	3~8	0~3
	土壤类型	0~0.50	0.50~0.87	0.87~1.81	1.81~7.75	>7.75
	NDVI/%	-20~-2	-2~15	15~23	23~33	33~78
	距水体距离/km	>21	12~21	7~12	3~7	0~3
人类社会因素	距城镇用地距离/km	0~20	20~42	42~104	104~175	175~220
	距居民点距离/km	0~8	8~47	47~92	92~121	121~153
	距工业用地距离/km	0~6	6~13	13~23	23~35	35~73
	距道路距离/km	0~0.02	0.02~0.05	0.05~0.10	0.10~0.16	0.16~0.33
	夜间灯光指数	40.76~63.00	21.99~40.76	9.88~21.99	0~9.88	0
景观格局因素	香农均匀度指数（SHEI）/%	0~18.43	18.43~38.82	38.82~57.64	57.64~78.43	78.43~99.99
景观格局因素	蔓延度指数（CONTAG）/%	0~18.52	18.52~39.63	39.63~57.41	57.41~75.57	75.57~94.46

主成分	特征值	方差贡献率/%	累积贡献率/%
一	0.0529	43.47	43.47
二	0.0200	16.44	59.92
三	0.0130	10.65	70.57
四	0.0099	8.15	78.72
五	0.0070	5.73	84.45
六	0.0041	3.38	87.82
七	0.0040	3.29	91.12
八	0.0032	2.64	93.76
九	0.0028	2.33	96.09
十	0.0023	1.92	98.01
十一	0.0014	1.17	99.17
十二	0.0010	0.83	100.00