气候变化及人类活动背景下石羊河流域生态与水资源变化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.10.06

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (10): 1672-1684.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.10.06

气候变化及人类活动背景下石羊河流域生态与水资源变化特征

程倩¹^,²^,³(), 齐月¹(), 刘明春²^,³, 张鹏²^,³, 丁文魁²^,³, 李兴宇²^,³, 任丽雯²^,³, 杨华²^,³

1.中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所，甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室，中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室，甘肃兰州 730020
2.武威国家气候观象台，甘肃武威 733000
3.甘肃省武威市气象局，甘肃武威 733000

收稿日期:2023-12-06 修回日期:2024-07-15 出版日期:2024-10-15 发布日期:2024-10-14
通讯作者: 齐月. E-mail: goodqiyue@163.com
作者简介:程倩（1991-），女，工程师，主要从事农业气象与荒漠生态试验相关研究工作. E-mail: cqwwqxj@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(42175192);甘肃省气象局气象科研项目(Zd2021-02);干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM202317);武威市市列科技计划项目(WW2002007)

Characteristics of ecology and water resource changes in the Shiyang River Basin under the background of climate change and human activities

CHENG Qian¹^,²^,³(), QI Yue¹(), LIU Mingchun²^,³, ZHANG Peng²^,³, DING Wenkui²^,³, LI Xingyu²^,³, REN Liwen²^,³, YANG Hua²^,³

1. Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reducing of China Meteorological Administration, Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province, Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
2. Wuwei National Climatological Observatory, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China
3. Wuwei Meteorological Bureau, Wuwei 733000, Gansu, China

Received:2023-12-06 Revised:2024-07-15 Published:2024-10-15 Online:2024-10-14

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究基于石羊河流域气象资料、遥感资料以及人文资料，分析流域气候要素和生态环境变化特征，探讨气候变化和人类活动双重作用对流域生态环境的影响。结果表明：近60 a来石羊河流域气温显著升高，增温速率为0.40 ℃·(10a)^-1，流域气温上升过程中1998年发生突变，通过0.05水平显著性检验；年降水量呈增加趋势，增幅为7.3 mm·(10a)^-1，年际间差异较大，从空间分布来看，年降水量流域南部向北部递减；干燥度自1961年以来呈减小趋势，由流域北部向南部递减。流域上游西营河出山口九条岭站径流量呈微弱的上升趋势，增加率为0.037×10⁸ m³·(10a)^-1，主要受降水的影响；自2007年《石羊河流域重点治理规划》实施以来，石羊河流域水资源、植被面积发生较大变化，蔡旗断面过水量、石羊河年平均流量、青土湖及其周边水域和植被面积显著增加，地下水位稳定回升。气候变化和人类活动双重影响下，石羊河流域的生态环境得到有效改善，为流域生态环境保护与建设、水土资源合理利用与保护提供科学依据。

关键词: 气候变化, 人类活动, 生态环境, 水资源, 石羊河流域

Abstract:

This study investigated the characteristics of climate factors and ecological environment changes in the Shiyang River Basin and discusses the impact of climate change and human activities on the ecological environment of the basin based on meteorological data, remote sensing data, and human data of the Shiyang River Basin. Results demonstrated that the air temperature of the Shiyang River Basin significantly increased in the past 60 years, with a warming rate of 0.40 ℃·(10a)^-1. The abrupt change occurred in 1998, and the significance test of 0.05 level was passed. Annual precipitation exhibited an increasing trend, with an increase of 7.3 mm·(10a)^-1, and the difference between years was large. From the perspective of spatial distribution, annual precipitation decreased from the south to the north of the basin. Dryness index revealed a decreasing trend since 1961 from the northern basin to the southern decline. The runoff of Jiutiaoling station at the exit of Xiying River in the upper reaches of the basin exhibited a weak upward trend, with an increase rate of 0.037×10⁸ m³·(10a)^-1, which was primarily affected by precipitation. Since the implementation of the 2007 Shiyang River Basin Management Plan, there have been significant changes in water resources and vegetation areas in this basin, the water discharge of Caiqi section, the average annual flow of the Shiyang River, and the area of the Qingtu Lake and its surrounding waters, wherein the vegetation increased significantly, and the groundwater level increased steadily. Under the dual influence of climate change and human activities, the ecological environment of the Shiyang River Basin has been effectively improved, which provides a scientific basis for the protection and construction of ecological environment and the rational utilization and protection of water and soil resources.

Key words: climate change, human activities, ecological environment, water resources, Shiyang River Basin

程倩, 齐月, 刘明春, 张鹏, 丁文魁, 李兴宇, 任丽雯, 杨华. 气候变化及人类活动背景下石羊河流域生态与水资源变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(10): 1672-1684.

CHENG Qian, QI Yue, LIU Mingchun, ZHANG Peng, DING Wenkui, LI Xingyu, REN Liwen, YANG Hua. Characteristics of ecology and water resource changes in the Shiyang River Basin under the background of climate change and human activities[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(10): 1672-1684.

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	1月	2月	3月	4月	5月	6月	7月	8月	9月	10月	11月	12月	年
降水	0.181	1.141	-0.065	-0.092	0.116	0.337	0.492	0.525	0.411	0.492	0.328	-0.039	0.517
气温	0.189	0.174	0.501	0.451	0.212	-0.109	-0.197	-0.016	0.098	0.107	0.077	0.062	-0.102
气温、降水	0.302	0.214	0.503	0.453	0.269	0.342	0.500	0.532	0.441	0.494	0.359	0.067	0.537

要素		永昌	民勤	凉州	古浪	天祝	流域
NDVI	气温	0.306	0.194	0.356	0.277	0.191	0.427^**
	降水	0.490^**	0.190	0.363	0.465^**	0.695^*	0.508^**
	干燥度	-0.341	-0.094	-0.377	-0.487^*	-0.499^*	-0.295

气候变化及人类活动背景下石羊河流域生态与水资源变化特征

Characteristics of ecology and water resource changes in the Shiyang River Basin under the background of climate change and human activities

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