梭梭和头状沙拐枣形态及生理生化特性对干旱胁迫的响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.07.09

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (7): 1177-1184.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.07.09

梭梭和头状沙拐枣形态及生理生化特性对干旱胁迫的响应

张斌¹^,²(), 李从娟¹(), 易光平³, 刘冉⁴

1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，国家荒漠—绿洲生态建设工程技术研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011
2.中国科学院大学，北京 100049
3.新疆维吾尔自治区阿勒泰地区蝗虫鼠害预测预报防治中心站，新疆阿勒泰 836500
4.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所，荒漠与绿洲生态国家重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2023-12-09 修回日期:2024-04-18 出版日期:2024-07-15 发布日期:2024-08-01
通讯作者: 李从娟. E-mail: licj@ms.xjb.ac.cn
作者简介:张斌（2000-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事植物生理生态学研究. E-mail: zhangbin22@mails.ucas.ac.cn
基金资助:
中国科学院西部青年学者(2021-XBQNXZ-002);自治区“天山英才”(2022TSYCCX0004);自治区“天山英才”(2022TSYCCX0002);国家自然科学基金面上项目(31971731)

Physiological, biochemical and morphological responses of Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum caput-medusae to drought stress

ZHANG Bin¹^,²(), LI Congjuan¹(), Yi Guangping³, LIU Ran⁴

1. National Technical Research Centre for Desert-Oasis Ecological Construction Engineering, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. Altay Regional Forecasting and Control Center for Locusts and Rodents, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Altay 836500, Xinjiang, China
4. State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China

Received:2023-12-09 Revised:2024-04-18 Online:2024-07-15 Published:2024-08-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目前，干旱和沙漠化等生态问题对植物的生存和适应提出新挑战。因此，探索植物的干旱适应策略对沙漠人工生态系统的维护和可持续发展具有重要意义。本研究采用灌溉（CK）和干旱（D）两个处理，研究塔克拉玛干沙漠防护林梭梭（Haloxylon ammodendron）和头状沙拐枣（Calligonum caput-medusae）生理生化和形态的适应情况。结果表明：形态上，两种植物的同化枝在干旱胁迫下均显著变短变细；生理上，两种植物在干旱胁迫下光合参数和羧化过程无显著变化，同化枝黎明水势显著降低，头状沙拐枣同化枝正午水势显著降低；生化上，两种植物的叶绿素a、叶绿素b、总叶绿素、光合酶含量在干旱胁迫下无显著变化。两种植物的初始荧光、最大荧光显著降低，梭梭的PSⅡ最大光化学效率显著升高。以上研究表明，两种植物以减缓同化枝生长和维持碳同化的方式抵御干旱。两种植物在干旱胁迫下光合色素活性降低，激发能力下降。头状沙拐枣稳定的叶绿素含量，使光化学系统免受损伤。

关键词: 干旱胁迫, 光合荧光特性, 形态学特征, 非等水行为

Abstract:

Desertification and drought have emerged as global ecological issues, which pose significant difficulties for plant adaptability and survival. Consequently, it is crucial to investigate the adaptation mechanisms of plants to drought stress to preserve and grow sustainably artificial ecosystems in desert regions. This study examined the physiological, biochemical, and morphological responses of Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum caput-medusae in the Taklimakan Desert shelterbelt by employing two treatments: irrigation (20-day irrigation cycle) (CK) and drought (D). The findings demonstrated that under drought stress, the assimilatory branches of both plants were noticeably shorter in terms of morphological traits. The branches of both were also significantly thinner. Regarding physiological reactions, there were no notable distinctions between the two in terms of the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and the leaf dry mass during drought stress. Additionally, the carboxylation processes, metabolic reaction rates, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and photosynthetic enzyme contents of both did not exhibit any appreciable alterations under drought stress. However, both showed substantially reduced Fm and Fo values. The Fv/Fm values of H. ammodendron were noticeably greater, but those of C. caput-medusae did not change much. According to our study, H. ammodendron and C. caput-medusae were able to adapt to drought by reducing the assimilate-branch growth, excitation capacity, and photosynthetic pigment activity, thereby preserving photosynthetic capacity. The photochemical system of C. caput-medusae was less vulnerable to damage due to a stable chlorophyll concentration.

Key words: drought stress, photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics, morphological features, non-isohydric behavior

张斌, 李从娟, 易光平, 刘冉. 梭梭和头状沙拐枣形态及生理生化特性对干旱胁迫的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(7): 1177-1184.

ZHANG Bin, LI Congjuan, Yi Guangping, LIU Ran. Physiological, biochemical and morphological responses of Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum caput-medusae to drought stress[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(7): 1177-1184.

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物种	干旱处理	土壤含水量（SWC）/%	同化枝直径（LD）/mm	同化枝长度（LL）/cm	同化枝相对含水量（RWC）/%	同化枝干物质量（LDMC）/%
梭梭 H. ammodendron	D	0.04（0.01）^*	0.72（0.03）^*	1.57（0.12）^**	74（6.40）	35（4.00）
梭梭 H. ammodendron	CK	0.71（0.41）	0.81（0.03）	2.84（0.15）	82（1.30）	54（1.00）
头状沙拐枣 C. caput-medusae	D	0.08（0.02）^*	1.01（0.03）^**	5.11（0.48）^**	69（2.00）^*	39（1.60）^*
头状沙拐枣 C. caput-medusae	CK	0.63（0.12）	1.39（0.03）	10.01（0.37）	78（0.60）	32（2.00）

物种	干旱处理	光合能力（Pn_max） /（μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1）	初始羧化效率（CE） /（mol·m^-2·s^-1）	CO₂补偿点（CCP） /（μmol·m^-1）	CO₂饱和点（CSP） /（μmol·m^-1）	光呼吸速率（Rp） /（μmol CO₂·m^-2·s^-1）
H. ammodendron	D	14.53（2.85）	0.11（0.05）	59.33（14.79）	566.33（106.67）	4.89（1.39）
H. ammodendron	CK	25.83（7.78）	0.20（0.08）	31.18（23.99）	554.71（113.33）	2.45（1.16）
C. caput-medusae	D	23.05（7.23）	0.45（0.19）	44.43（25.45）	1038.61（435.63）	13.39（9.00）
C. caput-medusae	CK	18.17（4.11）	0.17（0.01）	34.85（8.00）	1236.23（427.50）	4.66（0.77）

物种	干旱处理	光合酶（Rubisco）/（nmol·g^-1·min^-1）	叶绿素a （Chla）/（mg·g^-1）	叶绿素b （Chlb）/（mg·g^-1）	总叶绿素（Chl）/（mg·g^-1）
H. ammodendron	D	5.40（0.86）	0.10（0.03）	0.02（0.00）	0.11（0.03）
H. ammodendron	CK	7.11（0.76）	0.15（0.02）	0.01（0.00）	0.17（0.03）
C. caput-medusae	D	269.00（42.43）	0.24（0.02）	0.05（0.01）	0.29（0.21）
C. caput-medusae	CK	166.28（25.87）	0.26（0.03）	0.06（0.01）	0.32（0.04）

梭梭和头状沙拐枣形态及生理生化特性对干旱胁迫的响应

Physiological, biochemical and morphological responses of Haloxylon ammodendron and Calligonum caput-medusae to drought stress

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