内蒙古伊敏盆地地下水水化学特征及其成因

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2024.03.06

干旱区研究 ›› 2024, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (3): 411-420.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2024.03.06 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2024.03.06

内蒙古伊敏盆地地下水水化学特征及其成因

王平顺¹^,²(), 苗新岳³, 燕亚平⁴, 董生旺⁵, 董少刚¹^,²()

1.内蒙古大学生态与环境学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010021
2.内蒙古自治区河流与湖泊生态重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010021
3.东北农业大学资源环境学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150030
4.内蒙古生态环境科学研究院有限公司，内蒙古呼和浩特 010015
5.内蒙古第一水文地质工程地质勘查有限责任公司，内蒙古呼和浩特 010020

收稿日期:2023-11-13 修回日期:2023-12-28 出版日期:2024-03-15 发布日期:2024-04-01
通讯作者: 董少刚. E-mail: groundwater@163.com
作者简介:王平顺（2000-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事生态水文地质研究. E-mail: yuuwps@163.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区高等学校科学研究项目(NJZZ23089);国家自然科学基金项目(42267025)

Hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of groundwater in the Yimin Basin, Inner Mongolia

WANG Pingshun¹^,²(), MIAO Xinyue³, YAN Yaping⁴, DONG Shengwang⁵, DONG Shaogang¹^,²()

1. School of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
2. Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010021, Inner Mongolia, China
3. College of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, Heilongjiang, China
4. Inner Mongolia Academy of Ecological Environment Science Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010015, Inner Mongolia, China
5. Inner Mongolia First Hydrogeological Engineering Geological Exploration Co., Ltd., Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2023-11-13 Revised:2023-12-28 Published:2024-03-15 Online:2024-04-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采矿活动强烈地改变了区域水文循环特征并对地下水化学特征产生明显影响，揭示煤矿开发影响下的地下水系统演变特征，可为煤矿区的生态环境保护和可持续发展提供理论支持。本文以内蒙古伊敏盆地为例，在水文地质调查的基础上结合地下水流动系统理论、Piper三线图、Gibbs图、离子比例系数、矿物饱和指数等分析方法探究煤矿开采活动干扰下的地下水化学变化特征。结果表明：研究区水环境整体上呈弱碱性，采矿显著影响区和非影响区内检测指标存在着不同程度的超标情况。盆地内煤矿开采疏排地下水加速了区域水文循环速度，使显著影响区水质向淡化方向演化。露天煤矿的开发使得原本封闭的地下水系统变得开放，含硫煤以及硫铁矿氧化产酸激发的一系列水-岩相互作用是区域地下水化学特征发生变化的主因。盆地地下水的水化学成分受蒸发浓缩作用和水-岩相互作用的影响。沿着地下水的流动方向，显著影响区内水化学类型是从HCO₃-Ca·Na型向HCO₃-Ca型变化，TDS和Cl^-浓度呈现出下降趋势；在非影响区内是从HCO₃-Ca·Na型向Cl-Ca·Mg型转变，TDS和Cl^-浓度表现为上升趋势。

关键词: 地下水, 水化学特征, 人类活动影响, 水-岩相互作用, 伊敏盆地

Abstract:

Mining activities have strongly changed the characteristics of the regional hydrological cycle and have a significant impact on the chemical characteristics of groundwater. Revealing the evolutionary characteristics of the groundwater system under the influence of coal mine development can provide theoretical support for ecological environment protection and sustainable development in coal mine areas. In this paper, taking the Yimin Basin in Inner Mongolia as an example, based on hydrogeological investigation combined with the groundwater flow system theory, Piper three-line diagram, Gibbs diagram, ion proportional coefficient, mineral saturation index, and other analysis methods, the characteristics of groundwater chemical changes under the interference of coal mining activities were explored. Results indicate that the overall water environment in the study area is weakly alkaline, and the significant influence and noninfluence zones exceed the detection indexes in different degrees. Coal mining in the basin has accelerated the rate of regional hydrological cycle, causing the water quality in the significant impact zone to evolve toward desalination. The development of open-pit coal mining has opened up the previously closed groundwater system, and a series of water-rock interactions stimulated by the oxidation of sulfur-containing coal and sulfurous iron ore and acid production primarily cause the changes in the chemical characteristics of the regional groundwater. The hydrochemistry of groundwater in the basin is affected by evaporation, concentration and water-rock interactions. Along the flow direction of groundwater, the hydrochemical type in the significantly affected area changes from HCO₃-Ca·Na type to HCO₃-Ca, and the concentrations of TDS and Cl^- show a downward trend. In the nonaffected zone, the hydrochemical type changed from HCO₃-Ca·Na to Cl-Ca·Mg, and the concentrations of TDS and Cl^- showed an upward trend.

Key words: groundwater, hydrochemical characteristics, impact of human activities, water-rock interaction, Yimin Basin

王平顺, 苗新岳, 燕亚平, 董生旺, 董少刚. 内蒙古伊敏盆地地下水水化学特征及其成因[J]. 干旱区研究, 2024, 41(3): 411-420.

WANG Pingshun, MIAO Xinyue, YAN Yaping, DONG Shengwang, DONG Shaogang. Hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of groundwater in the Yimin Basin, Inner Mongolia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2024, 41(3): 411-420.

图/表 7

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检测指标 /(mg·L^-1)	显著影响区						非影响区
检测指标 /(mg·L^-1)	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	变异系数/%	超标率/%	最小值	最大值	均值	标准差	变异系数/%	超标率/%
pH	6.50	8.04	7.20	0.23	3.19	0	7.09	8.32	7.63	0.19	2.49	0
TDS	181.9	977	435.05	183.94	42.28	0	172.70	2380	749.97	535.19	71.36	17
K⁺	1.33	11.95	5.50	2.55	46.36	-	1.58	22.90	7.01	5.25	74.89	-
Na⁺	12.84	348.71	105.35	78.85	74.85	8	11.87	839.57	194.60	176.43	90.66	43
Ca²⁺	8.30	84.63	49.95	16.77	33.57	-	33.62	317.17	73.28	47.13	64.31	-
Mg²⁺	2.64	51.59	24.79	11.27	45.46	-	10.93	157.66	38.13	31.32	82.14	-
总硬度	31.86	334.51	228.59	73.39	32.11	0	129.98	1377.88	342.69	228.11	66.56	17
HCO^-₃	208.01	913.68	391.81	159.77	40.78	-	156.99	1356.91	481.82	220.14	45.69	-
Cl^-	5.58	127.95	46.61	31.14	66.81	0	5.58	660.25	126.50	135.31	106.96	9
SO^2-₄	5.76	268.56	79.40	62.46	78.66	4	5.76	961.65	186.31	222.96	119.67	14
COD	0.54	6.80	2.59	1.69	65.25	24	0.93	8.08	3.75	1.51	40.27	60
Fe²⁺	L	0.70	0.13	0.16	123.08	-	L	2.00	0.44	0.53	120.45	-
Fe³⁺	L	2.40	0.15	0.49	326.67	-	L	3.00	0.47	0.76	161.70	-
全铁	L	2.80	0.28	0.60	214.29	16	L	4.50	0.91	1.19	130.77	49
Mn²⁺	L	2.49	0.44	0.57	129.55	84	L	2.40	0.53	0.61	115.09	60
NH⁺₄	L	0.19	0.01	0.04	400.00	0	L	0.93	0.08	0.19	237.50	6
NO^-₃	L	33.90	2.27	6.66	293.39	0	L	1.20	0.10	0.24	240.00	11
NO^-₂	L	0.34	0.03	0.08	266.67	0	L	0.01	0	0	N/A	0

内蒙古伊敏盆地地下水水化学特征及其成因

Hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of groundwater in the Yimin Basin, Inner Mongolia

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