干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (5): 1333-1344.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.01
收稿日期:
2022-04-11
修回日期:
2022-05-22
出版日期:
2022-09-15
发布日期:
2022-10-25
作者简介:
安彬(1988-),男,副教授,研究方向为区域环境与GIS应用. E-mail: 基金资助:
AN Bin1,2(),XIAO Weiwei1,2,ZHU Ni1,2,LIU Yufeng3
Received:
2022-04-11
Revised:
2022-05-22
Online:
2022-09-15
Published:
2022-10-25
摘要:
全球气候变暖背景下,厘清黄土高原地区降水集中度(PCD)和集中期(PCP)时空变化规律,对该区水土保持及水资源利用具有重要意义。基于1960—2019年黄土高原地区55个气象站点逐日降水观测资料,利用趋势分析、空间插值、相关分析等方法,分析了近60 a及退耕还林(草)工程前后黄土高原PCD与PCP时空变化特征。结果表明:(1) 1960—2019年黄土高原年均降水量呈减少趋势,年均PCD逐渐减弱、PCP逐渐提前。(2) 黄土高原地区年均降水量和PCD自东南向西北递减,PCP自东向西逐渐递减,但差异不大。PCD变化趋势自东北向西南呈“下降-上升-下降”相间分布,PCP表现出东部推迟、西部提前的态势。(3) 退耕还林(草)工程后,黄土高原年均降水量增加、PCD减弱、PCP推迟。降水量自东向西呈“偏少-偏多”相间分布,其变化趋势以偏多为主;PCD自东北向西南呈“偏低-偏高-偏低”分布规律,其变化趋势以偏低为主;PCP以偏高为主,偏高幅度呈南多北少、东多西少态势,其趋势变化也以偏多为主。(4) 1960—2019年黄土高原地区PCD、PCP与年降水量皆以正相关为主。
安彬,肖薇薇,朱妮,刘宇峰. 近60 a黄土高原地区降水集中度与集中期时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5): 1333-1344.
AN Bin,XIAO Weiwei,ZHU Ni,LIU Yufeng. Temporal and spatial variations of precipitation concentration degree and precipitation concentration period on the Loess Plateau from 1960 to 2019[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1333-1344.
表1
退耕还林(草)前后黄土高原降水量变化"
区域 | 降水量均值/mm | 降水量变化趋势/(mm·a-1) | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | T时段 | T1时段 | T2时段 | T时段 | T1时段 | T2时段 | ||
全区 | 449.88 | 423.89 | 409.67 | 399.83 | 405.50 | 450.77 | 422.76 | 420.82 | 426.63 | -0.148 | -1.478 | 4.350 | |
高塬沟壑区(A) | 442.98 | 416.97 | 398.07 | 400.56 | 398.52 | 449.95 | 417.84 | 414.64 | 424.23 | 0.021 | -1.268 | 4.956 | |
丘陵沟壑区(B) | 494.52 | 445.56 | 432.04 | 426.45 | 433.34 | 509.28 | 456.86 | 449.64 | 471.31 | 0.186 | -1.849 | 6.826 | |
沙地农灌区(C) | 321.24 | 308.72 | 281.62 | 290.48 | 284.05 | 331.45 | 302.93 | 300.52 | 307.75 | 0.033 | -0.992 | 4.477 | |
土石河谷区(D) | 561.98 | 537.89 | 545.04 | 490.03 | 508.01 | 533.79 | 529.46 | 533.74 | 520.90 | -0.855 | -2.119 | 1.562 |
表2
退耕还林(草)前后黄土高原降水集中度变化"
区域 | PCD均值 | PCD变化趋势/(10a)-1 | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | T时段 | T1时段 | T2时段 | T时段 | T1时段 | T2时段 | ||
全区 | 0.588 | 0.603 | 0.607 | 0.598 | 0.591 | 0.585 | 0.595 | 0.599 | 0.588 | -0.0014 | 0.0056 | -0.0144 | |
高塬沟壑区(A) | 0.597 | 0.609 | 0.606 | 0.628 | 0.608 | 0.589 | 0.606 | 0.610 | 0.599 | -0.0001 | 0.0106 | -0.0185 | |
丘陵沟壑区(B) | 0.635 | 0.645 | 0.651 | 0.626 | 0.617 | 0.614 | 0.631 | 0.640 | 0.615 | -0.0053 | 0.0006 | -0.0025 | |
沙地农灌区(C) | 0.641 | 0.680 | 0.652 | 0.659 | 0.655 | 0.623 | 0.652 | 0.658 | 0.639 | -0.0031 | 0.0074 | -0.0292 | |
土石河谷区(D) | 0.554 | 0.572 | 0.589 | 0.532 | 0.562 | 0.567 | 0.563 | 0.562 | 0.565 | -0.0015 | -0.0047 | -0.0202 |
表3
退耕还林(草)前后黄土高原降水集中期变化"
区域 | PCP均值/d | PCP变化趋势/[d·(10a)-1] | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1960s | 1970s | 1980s | 1990s | 2000s | 2010s | T时段 | T1时段 | T2时段 | T时段 | T1时段 | T2时段 | ||
全区 | 208.80 | 208.20 | 205.30 | 204.00 | 209.00 | 208.00 | 207.22 | 206.58 | 208.50 | -0.111 | -1.676 | -1.158 | |
高塬沟壑区(A) | 208.08 | 207.13 | 204.19 | 203.26 | 208.12 | 206.66 | 206.24 | 205.67 | 207.39 | -0.168 | -1.743 | -0.951 | |
丘陵沟壑区(B) | 208.33 | 209.04 | 204.95 | 204.95 | 209.30 | 208.58 | 207.52 | 206.82 | 208.94 | 0.085 | -1.247 | -0.494 | |
沙地农灌区(C) | 208.55 | 210.01 | 205.49 | 204.58 | 209.13 | 209.08 | 207.81 | 207.16 | 209.11 | -0.043 | -1.597 | -0.100 | |
土石河谷区(D) | 208.95 | 207.73 | 206.37 | 203.88 | 209.93 | 208.24 | 207.51 | 206.73 | 209.09 | -0.044 | -1.577 | -2.716 |
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