近60 a黄土高原地区降水集中度与集中期时空变化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.05.01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球气候变暖背景下,厘清黄土高原地区降水集中度（PCD）和集中期（PCP）时空变化规律,对该区水土保持及水资源利用具有重要意义。基于1960—2019年黄土高原地区55个气象站点逐日降水观测资料,利用趋势分析、空间插值、相关分析等方法,分析了近60 a及退耕还林（草）工程前后黄土高原PCD与PCP时空变化特征。结果表明：（1） 1960—2019年黄土高原年均降水量呈减少趋势,年均PCD逐渐减弱、PCP逐渐提前。（2）黄土高原地区年均降水量和PCD自东南向西北递减,PCP自东向西逐渐递减,但差异不大。PCD变化趋势自东北向西南呈“下降-上升-下降”相间分布,PCP表现出东部推迟、西部提前的态势。（3）退耕还林（草）工程后,黄土高原年均降水量增加、PCD减弱、PCP推迟。降水量自东向西呈“偏少-偏多”相间分布,其变化趋势以偏多为主;PCD自东北向西南呈“偏低-偏高-偏低”分布规律,其变化趋势以偏低为主;PCP以偏高为主,偏高幅度呈南多北少、东多西少态势,其趋势变化也以偏多为主。（4） 1960—2019年黄土高原地区PCD、PCP与年降水量皆以正相关为主。

关键词: 降水集中度（PCD）, 降水集中期（PCP）, 退耕还林（草）工程, 生态分区, 黄土高原

Abstract:

With global warming as a foundation, it is significantly important that the law of precipitation concentration degree (PCD) and precipitation concentration period (PCP) changes for the Loess Plateau are clarified for the conservation of regional soil and water and utilization of water resources. Based on the daily precipitation observation data compiled from 55 meteorological stations on the Loess Plateau from 1960 to 2019, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of PCD and PCP on the Loess Plateau in the last 60 years, along with before and after the project of returning farmland to forest (grassland), were analyzed using trend analysis, spatial interpolation, and correlation analysis. The average annual precipitation, PCD, and PCI on the Loess Plateau had a decreasing (downward) trend from 1960 to 2019 according to the results. In addition, the PCD gradually weakened, and the PCI shifted to an earlier date. The spatial distribution characteristics of annual precipitation, PCD and PCI on the Loess Plateau were complex. Annual precipitation and the PCD decreased from southeast to northwest, while PCP gradually decreased from east to west. However, the difference was not significant. The variation trend of the PCP had an alternating distribution law of “decline rise decline” from northeast to southwest. Overall, the PCP had a trend of delaying in the east and advancing in the west. After the project of returning farmland to forest (grassland) was completed, the average annual precipitation increased, the PCD weakened, and the PCP was postponed. The precipitation on the Loess Plateau is distributed alternately from east to west, and its change trend is mainly more. The distribution law of PCD is “low high low” from northeast to southwest, and its variation trend is mainly low. The PCP is mainly on the high side, and the range of the high side is more in the south than the north and more in the east than the west, and the trend change is mainly on the high side. The PCD, PCI, and annual precipitation in the Loess Plateau are mainly positively correlated.

Key words: precipitation concentration degree (PCD), precipitation concentration period (PCP), returning farmland to forest (grassland) project, ecological zoning, Loess Plateau

安彬,肖薇薇,朱妮,刘宇峰. 近60 a黄土高原地区降水集中度与集中期时空变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(5): 1333-1344.

AN Bin,XIAO Weiwei,ZHU Ni,LIU Yufeng. Temporal and spatial variations of precipitation concentration degree and precipitation concentration period on the Loess Plateau from 1960 to 2019[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(5): 1333-1344.

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区域	降水量均值/mm									降水量变化趋势/(mm·a^-1)
区域	1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s	T时段	T₁时段	T₂时段	T时段	T₁时段	T₂时段
全区	449.88	423.89	409.67	399.83	405.50	450.77	422.76	420.82	426.63	-0.148	-1.478	4.350
高塬沟壑区(A)	442.98	416.97	398.07	400.56	398.52	449.95	417.84	414.64	424.23	0.021	-1.268	4.956
丘陵沟壑区(B)	494.52	445.56	432.04	426.45	433.34	509.28	456.86	449.64	471.31	0.186	-1.849	6.826
沙地农灌区(C)	321.24	308.72	281.62	290.48	284.05	331.45	302.93	300.52	307.75	0.033	-0.992	4.477
土石河谷区(D)	561.98	537.89	545.04	490.03	508.01	533.79	529.46	533.74	520.90	-0.855	-2.119	1.562

区域	PCD均值									PCD变化趋势/(10a)^-1
区域	1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s	T时段	T₁时段	T₂时段	T时段	T₁时段	T₂时段
全区	0.588	0.603	0.607	0.598	0.591	0.585	0.595	0.599	0.588	-0.0014	0.0056	-0.0144
高塬沟壑区(A)	0.597	0.609	0.606	0.628	0.608	0.589	0.606	0.610	0.599	-0.0001	0.0106	-0.0185
丘陵沟壑区(B)	0.635	0.645	0.651	0.626	0.617	0.614	0.631	0.640	0.615	-0.0053	0.0006	-0.0025
沙地农灌区(C)	0.641	0.680	0.652	0.659	0.655	0.623	0.652	0.658	0.639	-0.0031	0.0074	-0.0292
土石河谷区(D)	0.554	0.572	0.589	0.532	0.562	0.567	0.563	0.562	0.565	-0.0015	-0.0047	-0.0202

区域	PCP均值/d									PCP变化趋势/[d·(10a)^-1]
区域	1960s	1970s	1980s	1990s	2000s	2010s	T时段	T₁时段	T₂时段	T时段	T₁时段	T₂时段
全区	208.80	208.20	205.30	204.00	209.00	208.00	207.22	206.58	208.50	-0.111	-1.676	-1.158
高塬沟壑区(A)	208.08	207.13	204.19	203.26	208.12	206.66	206.24	205.67	207.39	-0.168	-1.743	-0.951
丘陵沟壑区(B)	208.33	209.04	204.95	204.95	209.30	208.58	207.52	206.82	208.94	0.085	-1.247	-0.494
沙地农灌区(C)	208.55	210.01	205.49	204.58	209.13	209.08	207.81	207.16	209.11	-0.043	-1.597	-0.100
土石河谷区(D)	208.95	207.73	206.37	203.88	209.93	208.24	207.51	206.73	209.09	-0.044	-1.577	-2.716