荒漠灌丛土壤酶活性对UV-B辐射及凋落物分解的响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探究土壤酶活性对UV-B辐射和不同凋落物分解的响应对揭示凋落物周转及土壤养分动态具有重要意义。采用模拟UV-B辐射滤减（聚脂薄膜法）和分解袋法,研究了UV-B辐射变化对西北干旱荒漠区典型灌丛红砂和珍珠以及二者的混合凋落物层下土壤酶活性的影响。结果表明：（1）辐射滤减提高了不同凋落物土壤脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性,且对珍珠灌丛土壤酶活性的促进作用更明显,不同土层（0~5 cm和5~15 cm）分别增加了45.45%、58.28%和39.04%、117.65%;然而,辐射滤减降低了不同凋落物土壤多酚氧化酶和木质素过氧化物酶活性,同样对珍珠灌丛土壤酶活性的抑制效应更明显,不同土层分别减少了36.69%、39.52%和59.78%、43.63%;辐射滤减对土壤纤维素酶活性无明显效应。（2）在辐射滤减和自然光照条件下,混合凋落物土壤多酚氧化酶活性均小于单一凋落物,说明混合凋落物土壤中有机质的腐殖化程度大于有机质的积累,土壤腐殖化程度更高。（3）不同类型凋落物对表层土壤（0~5 cm）酶活性的影响更为明显;随着土层加深,各类型下土壤脲酶和磷酸酶活性均降低,多酚氧化酶活性增加。

关键词: UV-B辐射, 凋落物, 干旱荒漠, 土壤酶

Abstract:

Exploring the response of soil enzyme activity to UV-B radiation and decomposition of different litters is crucial for revealing litter turnover and soil nutrient dynamics. The effects of UV-B radiation on soil enzyme activities of litters of Reaumuria soongarica and Salsola passerina and their mixture were studied by using simulated UV-B radiation filtration (mylar film method) and decomposition bag method. The following results are presented. (1) Radiation filtration increased the soil urease and alkaline phosphatase activities of different litters and promoted the soil enzyme activities of S. passerina shrub significantly, which increased by 45.45%, 58.28% and 39.04%, 117.65% in different soil layers (0-5 cm and 5-15 cm), respectively. The radiation filter minimizes the different litter reductions. However, soil polyphenol oxidase and peroxidase activities of lignin, which are the same soil enzyme activity of S. passerina thickets of inhibition effect, are observed in different soil reductions by 36.69%, 39.52% and 59.78%, 43.63%, respectively. Radiation filtration did not affect on soil cellulase activity. (2) Under radiation filtration and natural light conditions, the activity of polyphenol oxidase in the soil of mixed litters was lower than that of single litters, indicating that the degree of organic matter humification in the soil of mixed litters was larger than that of organic matter accumulation, and the degree of soil humification was high. (3) The effects of different litters on the enzyme activities of surface soil (0-5 cm) were observed. Soil urease and phosphatase activities decreased and polyphenol oxidase activities increased with the deepening of the soil layer.

Key words: UV-B radiation, litter, arid desert, soil enzyme

韦昌林,李毅,单立山,解婷婷. 荒漠灌丛土壤酶活性对UV-B辐射及凋落物分解的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1181-1190.

WEI Changlin,LI Yi,SHAN Lishan,XIE Tingting. Desert shrub soil enzyme activity of UV-B radiation and litter decomposition response[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1181-1190.

图/表 10

表1

图1

表2

图2

表3

图3

表4

图4

表5

图5

参考文献 36

[1]	Daryl L Moorhead, Robert L Sinsabaugh. A theoretical model of litter decays and microbial interaction[J]. Ecological Monographs, 2006, 76(2): 151-174. doi: 10.1890/0012-9615(2006)076[0151:ATMOLD]2.0.CO;2
[2]	和文祥, 谭向平, 王旭东, 等. 土壤总体酶活性指标的初步研究[J]. 土壤学报, 2010, 47(6): 1232-1236.
	[He Wenxiang, Tan Xiangping, Wang Xudong, et al. Study on total enzyme activity index in soils[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010, 47(6): 1232-1236.]
[3]	朱鹏锦, 尚艳霞, 师生波, 等. 植物对UV-B辐射胁迫响应的研究进展[J]. 热带生物学报, 2011, 2(1): 89-96.
	[Zhu Jinpeng, Shang Yanxia, Shi Shengbo, et al. Research progresses on plant responses to UV-B radiation stress[J]. Journal of Tropical Biology, 2011, 2(1): 89-96.]
[4]	路锦, 张筱, 黄樱, 等. 氮沉降对森林凋落物分解过程中土壤酶和微生物影响的研究进展[J]. 湖南生态科学学报, 2020, 7(4): 54-61.
	[Lu Jin, Zhang You, Huang Ying, et al. Effect of nitrogen deposition on soil enzymes and microorganisms in the process of forest litters decomposition[J]. Journal of Hunan Ecological Science, 2020, 7(4): 54-61.]
[5]	张慧玲, 宋新章, 哀建国, 等. 增强紫外线-B辐射对凋落物分解的影响研究综述[J]. 浙江林学院学报, 2010, 27(1): 134-142.
	[Zhang Huiling, Song Xinzhang, Ai Jianguo, et al. A review of UV-B radiation and its influence on litter decomposition[J]. Journal of Zhejiang Forestry College, 2010, 27(1): 134-142.]
[6]	王少彬, 苏维瀚, 魏鼎文. 太阳紫外线的生物有效辐射与大气臭氧含量减少的关系[J]. 环境科学学报, 1993, 13(1): 114-119.
	[Wang Shaobin, Su Weihan, Wei Dingwen. Biologically effective radiation of solar ultraviolet radiation and the depletion of ozone layer[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 1993, 13(1): 114-119.]
[7]	Song X Z, Zhang H L, Jiang H, et al. Influence of elevated UV-B radiation on leaf litter chemistry and subsequent decomposition in humid subtropical China[J]. Journal of Soils and Sediments, 2013, 13(5): 846-853. doi: 10.1007/s11368-013-0661-y
[8]	王灿, 李虹茹, 湛方栋, 等. UV-B辐射对元阳梯田稻田土壤活性有机碳含量与温室气体排放的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2018, 37(2): 383-391.
	[Wang Can, Li Hongru, Zhan Fangdong, et al. Effects of enhanced UV-B radiation on the content of soil active organic carbon and greenhouse gas emission from a rice paddy in Yuanyang Terraces[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2018, 37(2): 383-391.]
[9]	吕志伟, 万国峰, 张朋, 等. CO₂倍增和UV-B辐射增强对大豆根际氨氧化细菌数量及土壤酶活的影响[J]. 大豆科学, 2012, 31(1): 69-72.
	[Lyu Zhiwei, Wan Guofeng, Zhang Peng, et al. Effects of doubled CO₂ and enhanced UV-B radiation on rhizosphere Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and soil enzymes in soybean[J]. Soybean Science, 2012, 31(1): 69-72.]
[10]	娄运生, 程焕友, 韩艳. UV-B辐射增强下施氮对大麦根际土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2013, 44(5): 1151-1157.
	[Lou Yunsheng, Chen Huanyou, Han Yan. Effect of enhanced ultraviolet-B radiation and nitrogen levels on enzymatic activities in barleyrhizosphericsoil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2013, 44(5): 1151-1157.]
[11]	顾夏天. UV-B辐射增强对不同大麦品种土壤生物学特性的影响[D]. 南京: 南京信息工程大学, 2012.
	[Gu Xiatian. Effect of Enhanced UV-B Radiation on Soil Biological Properties in Barley Cultivars[D]. Nanjing: Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, 2012.]
[12]	林晗, 陈辉, 吴承祯, 等. 千年桐与毛竹凋落叶混合分解对土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2012, 18(4): 539-545. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2012.00539
	[Lin Han, Chen Hui, Wu Chengzhen, et al. Effects of decomposition of Aleurites montana and Phyllostachys pubescences mixed foliage litter on activity of soil enzymes[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Environmental Biology, 2012, 18(4): 539-545.] doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1145.2012.00539
[13]	陈光升. 华西雨屏区几种植被恢复模式凋落物的生态功能研究[D]. 成都: 四川农业大学, 2008.
	[Chen Guangshen. Ecological Function of Litter in Several Patterns of Vegetation Restoration in Rainy Area of Western China[D]. Chengdu: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2008.]
[14]	张冰冰, 万晓华, 杨军钱, 等. 不同凋落物质量对杉木人工林土壤微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 2021, 58(4): 1040-1049.
	[Zhang Bingbing, Wan Xiaohua, Yang Junqian, et al. Effects of litters different in quality on soil microbial community structure in Cunninghamia lanceolata plantation[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2021, 58(4): 1040-1049.]
[15]	宋新章, 张慧玲, 江洪, 等. UV-B辐射对马尾松凋落叶分解和养分释放的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(8): 2106-2114.
	[Song Xinzhang, Zhang Huiling, Jiang Hong, et al. Effect of UV-B radiation on the leaf litter decomposition and nutrient release of Pinus massoniana[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(8): 2106-2114.]
[16]	焦泽彬, 李羿桥, 陈子豪, 等. 川西亚高山不同森林类型土壤酶活性对短期凋落物输入量变化的响应[J]. 应用与环境生物学报, 2021, 27(3): 608-616.
	[Jiao Zebin, Li Yiqiao, Chen Zihao, et al. Response of soil enzyme activities to short-term litter input in different types of forest in subalpine western Sichuan[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Environmental Biology, 2021, 27(3): 608-616.]
[17]	韦昌林, 李毅, 单立山, 等. 降水变化对典型荒漠植物凋落物分解的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2022, 30(5): 1280-1289.
	[Wei Changlin, Li Yi, Shan Lishan, et al. Effects of different rainfall on litter decomposition of two typical desert bushwood[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2022, 30(5): 1280-1289.]
[18]	种培芳, 苏世平, 李毅, 等. 不同地理种源红砂幼苗对PEG胁迫的生理响应[J]. 草业学报, 2013, 22(1): 183-192.
	[Chong Peifang, Su Shiping, Li Yi, et al. Physiolodical responses to PEG stress of Reaumuria soongorica seedings from different geographical origins[J]. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2013, 22(1): 183-192.]
[19]	单立山, 李毅, 任伟, 等. 河西走廊中部两种荒漠植物根系构型特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(1): 25-31. pmid: 23717986
	[Shan Lishan, Li Yi, Ren Wei, et al. Root architecture of two desert plants in central Hexi Corridor of Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2013, 24(1): 25-31.] pmid: 23717986
[20]	陈宗瑜, 毕婷, 吴潇潇. 滤减UV-B辐射对烤烟蛋白质组变化的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 2012, 31(5): 1129-1135.
	[Chen Zongyu, Bi Ting, Wu Xiaoxiao. Effects of reduced UV-B radiation on the variation of flue-cured tobacco proteome[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2012, 31(5): 1129-1135.]
[21]	吴昊, 王理德, 宋达成, 等. 民勤退耕区不同年限退耕地土壤理化性质及酶活性[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2021, 39(1): 191-199.
	[Wu Hao, Wang Lide, Song Dacheng, et al. Soil properties and enzyme activities of abandoned farmland in different years in Minqin[J]. Agricultural Research in Arid Areas, 2021, 39(1): 191-199.]
[22]	汪子微, 万松泽, 蒋洪毛, 等. 青藏高原不同高寒草地类型土壤酶活性及其影响因子[J]. 植物生态学报, 2021, 45(5): 528-538. doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0139
	[Wang Ziwei, Wan Songze, Jiang Hongmao, et al. Soil enzyme activities and their influencing factors among different alpine grasslands on the Qingzang Plateau[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2021, 45(5): 528-538.] doi: 10.17521/cjpe.2020.0139
[23]	张令瑄, 谢婷婷, 王瑾, 等. 大田条件下UV-B辐射增强对大豆根际土壤相关指标的影响[J]. 江苏农业学报, 2016, 32(1): 118-122.
	[Zhang Lingxuan, Xie Tingting, Wang Jin, et al. Soybean rhizosphere soil parameters in response to enhanced UV-B radiation under field condition[J]. Jiangsu Journal of Agricultural Science, 2016, 32(1): 118-122.]
[24]	焦志勇. 土壤脲酶的研究进展及发展前景[J]. 江西农业, 2016(17): 84.
	[Jiao Zhiyong. Research progress and prospect of soil urease[J]. Jiangxi Agricultural, 2016(17): 84.]
[25]	吴金凤, 刘鞠善, 李梓萌, 等. 草地土壤磷循环及其对全球变化的响应[J]. 中国草地学报, 2021, 43(6): 102-111.
	[Wu Jinfeng, Liu Jushan, Li Zimeng, et al. Grassland soil phosphorus cycle and its response to global change[J]. Chinese Journal of Grassland, 2021, 43(6): 102-111.]
[26]	陈晓丽, 王根绪, 杨燕, 等. 山地森林表层土壤酶活性对短期增温及凋落物分解的响应[J]. 生态学报, 2015, 35(21): 7071-7079.
	[Chen Xiaoli, Wang Genxu, Yang Yan, et al. Response of soil surface enzyme activities to short-term warming and litter decomposition in a mountain forest[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(21): 7071-7079.]
[27]	朱媛君, 张璞进, 牛明丽, 等. 毛乌素沙地丘间低地主要植物群落土壤酶活性[J]. 生态学杂志, 2016, 35(8): 2014-2021.
	[Zhu Yuanjun, Zhang Pujin, Niu Mingli, et al. Soil enzyme activities of the main plant communities in inter-dune lowland of Mu Us Sandy Land[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2016, 35(8): 2014-2021.]
[28]	梁晓玉, 崔周磊, 王洪成, 等. 木质素过氧化物酶的应用[J]. 生物学杂志, 2021, 38(3): 99-102.
	[Liang Xiaoyu, Cui Zhoulei, Wang Hongcheng, et al. Research in lignin peroxidase[J]. Journal of Biology, 2021, 38(3): 99-102.]
[29]	胡亚林, 汪思龙, 黄宇, 等. 凋落物化学组成对土壤微生物学性状及土壤酶活性的影响[J]. 生态学报, 2005, 25(10): 2662-2668.
	[Hu Yalin, Wang Silong, Huang Yu, et al. Effects of litter chemistry on soil biological property and enzymatic activity[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2005, 25(10): 2662-2668.]
[30]	于德良, 雷泽勇, 张岩松, 等. 沙地樟子松人工林土壤酶活性及其影响因子[J]. 干旱区研究, 2019, 36(3): 621-629.
	[Yu Deliang, Lei Zeyong, Zhang Yansong, et al. Soil enzyme activity and its affecting factors under Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica plantation in sandy land[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2019, 36(3): 621-629.]
[31]	李勋, 张艳, 宋思梦, 等. 马尾松与乡土阔叶树种凋落叶混合分解过程中全碳释放的动态变化[J]. 植物研究, 2022, 42(2): 309-320.
	[Li Xun, Zhang Yan, Song Simeng, et al. Dynamic changes of total carbon release during mixed decomposition of leaf litter of Pinus massoniana and native broad-leaved tree species[J]. Bulletin of Botanical Research, 2022, 42(2): 309-320.]
[32]	葛晓敏, 吴麟, 唐罗忠. 森林凋落物分解与酶的相互关系研究进展[J]. 世界林业研究, 2013, 26(1): 43-47.
	[Ge Xiaomin, Wu Lin, Tang Luozhong. Review on research progress of relationships between enzyme and litter decomposition[J]. World Forestry Research, 2013, 26(1): 43-47.]
[33]	李茜. 黄土高原不同树种枯落叶混合分解对土壤性质的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2013.
	[Li Qian. Effects of Mixed Litter Decomposition From Different Tree Species on Soil Properties in the Loess Plateau[D]. Yangling: Northwest A & F University, 2013.]
[34]	Kourtev P S, Ehrenfeld J G, Huan W Z. Enzyme activities during litter decomposition of two exotic and two native plant species in hardwood of New Jersey[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2000, 34: 1207-1218. doi: 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00057-3
[35]	Gray D B, Mary K T, Julie E J. Interactions between crop residue and soil organic matter quality and the functional diversity of soil microbial communities[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 2002, 34: 1073-1082. doi: 10.1016/S0038-0717(02)00040-8
[36]	马静, 单立山, 王珊, 等. 不同降水量条件下C₃植物红砂-C₄植物珍珠混生光合特性研究[J]. 草地学报, 2019, 27(4): 921-927.
	[Ma Jing, Shan Lishan, Wang Shan, et al. Studies on photosynthetic characteristics of C₃ plant Reaumuria soongarica and C₄ plant Salsola passerina in a mixed community under different precipitations[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2019, 27(4): 921-927.]

	因变量	平方和	自由度	均方	统计检定值	显著性
0~5 cm土层脲酶	辐射	3801.85	1	3801.85	96.12	P<0.01
	类型	49202.83	2	24601.41	19.99	P<0.01
	辐射×类型	1322.31	2	661.16	16.71	P<0.01
5~15 cm土层脲酶	辐射	5632.65	1	5632.65	0.58	P<0.05
	类型	100.67	2	50.34	1.27	P=0.32
	辐射×类型	4534.80	2	2267.40	1.84	P=0.20

	因变量	平方和	自由度	均方	统计检定值	显著性
0~5 cm土层脲酶	辐射	621.48	1	621.48	13.91	P<0.01
	类型	1525.50	2	762.75	17.08	P<0.01
	辐射×类型	357.11	2	178.55	3.99	P<0.05
5~15 cm土层脲酶	辐射	3801.85	1	3801.85	96.12	P<0.01
	类型	100.67	2	50.34	1.27	P=0.32
	辐射×类型	1322.31	2	661.16	16.72	P<0.01

	因变量	平方和	自由度	均方	统计检定值	显著性
0~5 cm土层脲酶	辐射	13.01	1	13.01	0.58	P=0.46
	类型	235.01	2	117.51	15.96	P<0.01
	辐射×类型	362.66	2	181.33	8.11	P<0.01
5~15 cm土层脲酶	辐射	0.01	1	0.01	0.00	P=0.98
	类型	142.54	2	71.27	3.19	P=0.08
	辐射×类型	141.81	2	70.90	9.63	P<0.01

	因变量	平方和	自由度	均方	统计检定值	显著性
0~5 cm土层脲酶	辐射	31.72	1	31.73	16.50	P<0.01
	类型	78.09	2	39.04	20.30	P<0.01
	辐射×类型	23.11	2	11.55	6.01	P<0.05
5~15 cm土层脲酶	辐射	43.25	1	43.25	27.67	P<0.01
	类型	33.46	2	16.73	10.70	P<0.01
	辐射×类型	30.24	2	15.12	9.67	P<0.01

	因变量	平方和	自由度	均方	统计检定值	显著性
0~5 cm土层脲酶	辐射	8.93	1	8.94	6.87	P<0.05
	类型	4.81	2	2.41	1.85	P=0.20
	辐射×类型	6.88	2	3.44	2.65	P=0.11
5~15 cm土层脲酶	辐射	5.13	1	5.13	5.29	P<0.05
	类型	5.69	2	2.85	2.93	P=0.09
	辐射×类型	4.44	2	2.22	2.29	P=0.14