中国东北季风边缘区沙地风成沉积剖面光释光定年研究及其古环境意义

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.07.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 中国东北季风边缘区沙地对气候变化响应敏感，是研究风沙演化历史的理想场所。本文对科尔沁沙地（KE）和浑善达克沙地（HS）的两个典型风成沉积物剖面进行光释光定年分析，结合剖面沉积相所指示的环境信息，重建区域风沙演化历史，并探讨影响风沙堆积的因素。结果表明：（1） KE剖面在9.8~3.0 ka期间发育深黑色砂质古土壤，指示了风沙活动较弱；近0.2 ka以来剖面发育了较厚的浅灰色砂质古土壤，暗示了区域风沙活动较强，导致表层较厚的沉积物不断地被“翻新”而难以形成沉积年代较老的沉积物。（2） HS剖面在13.4 ka、1.2~0.5 ka及0.5 ka以来沉积灰黄色风沙层，指示了风沙活动较强；在11.6~1.9 ka前后发育深黑色砂质古土壤，指示了风沙活动较弱。（3） 13.4 ka以来研究区域古气候与风沙演化大致经历了三个阶段：13.4 ka至早全新世整体转暖，风沙活动较强；早-中全新世温暖湿润，风沙活动弱；晚全新世气候波动转冷，风沙活动较强。（4） KE与HS剖面深黑色砂质古土壤发育时间差异可能反映了沙地边缘区局地地形、气候等因素对风沙堆积和古土壤发育具有重要影响。

关键词: 风成沉积, 光释光定年, 古环境演化, 科尔沁沙地, 浑善达克沙地

Abstract:

The sandy lands of northeastern China, located near the edge of the East Asian monsoon zone, are highly sensitive to climate change, making them ideal for investigating the evolutionary history of regional aeolian processes. This study presents optically stimulated luminescence dating of aeolian sediments from two representative profiles situated near the edge of the Horqin Sandy Land (KE) and the Otindag Sandy Land (HS). By integrating sedimentary facies data from the two profiles with additional regional paleoenvironmental records, we reconstructed the regional aeolian evolution history and examined the factors influencing sand and paleosol formation. The results revealed that: (1) The KE profile indicated the development of dark black sandy paleosols between about 9.8 and 3.0 ka, likely reflecting weak aeolian activity. In contrast, thick light gray sandy paleosols formed from around 0.2 ka, indicating intensified aeolian activity and continuous reworking of surface sediments, preventing older deposit formation. (2) In the HS profile, gray-yellow aeolian sand layers were deposited around 13.4 ka, 1.2-0.5 ka, and since 0.5 ka, indicating episodes of strong aeolian activity. Dark black sandy paleosols formed between about 11.6 and 1.9 ka, corresponding to a period of weaker aeolian activity. (3) Since about 13.4 ka, the region has undergone three stages of climatic and aeolian evolution: (i) a warming period from 13.4 ka to the early Holocene, associated with relatively strong aeolian activity; (ii) a warm and humid midHolocene, marked by reduced aeolian activity; and (iii) a late Holocene period of fluctuating cooling, during which aeolian activity increased again. (4) Variations in the timing of dark black sandy paleosol development between the KE and HS profiles, compared with records from the central parts of these sandy lands, suggest that regional topography and paleoclimatic differences may significantly influence aeolian sediment development.

Key words: aeolian sedimentation, OSL dating, paleo-environmental change, Horqin Sandy Land, Otindag Sandy Land

黄龙, 古斯乐图, 周彩婷, 杨夏瑶, 司月君, 黄日辉, 杭晓菊, 牛东风. 中国东北季风边缘区沙地风成沉积剖面光释光定年研究及其古环境意义[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(7): 1323-1332.

HUANG Long, Gusiletu , ZHOU Caiting, YANG Xiayao, SI Yuejun, HUANG Rihui, HANG Xiaoju, NIU Dongfeng. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of aeolian sediment profiles in the sandy areas of northeastern China near the edge of the monsoon zone and its paleoenvironmental significance[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(7): 1323-1332.

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剖面	深度/m	地层沉积学特征描述
KE	0~4.3	浅灰色砂质古土壤，较松散，颗粒较粗，125 μm粒径较多，有植物根系穿插其中，采样KE-1，采样深度为2 m
KE	4.3~8.3	深黑色砂质古土壤，较松散，颗粒较细，90 μm粒径较多，于该层顶部和底部分别采样KE-2（4.3 m）和KE-3（8.3 m）
	>8.3	浅灰色砂质古土壤，较松散，颗粒较粗，未见底
HS	0~0.3	灰黄色风沙层，有大量植物根系穿插其中，沉积物非常松散，颗粒粗
	0.3~0.7	浅灰色砂质古土壤，较松散，颗粒较粗，125 μm粒径较多，采样HS-1（0.6 m）
	0.7~0.9	灰黄色风沙层，较松散，颗粒粗
	0.9~1.6	浅灰色砂质古土壤，较松散，颗粒较粗，125 μm粒径较多，采样HS-2（1.1 m）
	1.6~2.6	深黑色砂质古土壤，较松散，颗粒较细，90 μm粒径较多，于该层顶部和底部采样HS-3（1.7 m）和HS-4（2.6 m）
	>2.6	灰黄色风沙层，较松散，颗粒粗，125~150 μm粒径较多，采样HS-5（3.1 m），未见底

样品号	Th/(μg·g^-1)^a	U/(μg·g^-1)^a	K/%^a	含水量/%^b	宇宙射线/(Gy·ka^-1)^c	埋藏深度/m	年剂量率/(Gy·ka^-1)	等效剂量/Gy	年龄/ka
KE-1	4.16	0.98	2.08	5	0.18	2.0	2.64±0.11	0.46±0.03	0.2±0.1
KE-2	4.54	1.00	1.92	5	0.14	4.3	2.47±0.11	7.37±0.33	3.0±0.2
KE-3	4.93	1.23	2.33	5	0.09	8.3	2.89±0.13	28.37±1.34	9.8±0.6
HS-1	2.33	0.71	2.07	5	0.24	0.6	2.51±0.11	1.29±0.10	0.5±0.1
HS-2	2.00	0.53	2.08	5	0.23	1.1	2.44±0.10	2.87±0.23	1.2±0.1
HS-3	3.32	0.93	2.09	5	0.21	1.7	2.61±0.11	5.08±0.18	1.9±0.1
HS-4	2.64	0.82	2.14	5	0.19	2.6	2.56±0.11	29.78±2.60	11.6±1.1
HS-5	1.71	0.62	2.19	5	0.18	3.1	2.49±0.11	33.25±2.26	13.4±1.1