宁夏红寺堡扬黄灌区土壤盐渍化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.11.08

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究影响红寺堡扬黄灌区土壤盐渍化的主要影响因素，采用相关性分析法和主成分分析法对0~100 cm土壤剖面盐渍化特征进行研究，结果表明：（1）研究区土壤整体为强碱性土，下层20~100 cm土壤pH值显著高于上层0~20 cm土壤pH值（P<0.05），并随着土壤深度的增加而增加，土壤全盐含量同样随土壤深度的增加而增加，呈底层高表层低的底聚型剖面特征，各层土壤全盐含量差异性不显著（P<0.05），各层土壤pH值均属于弱变异性，在空间上分布较为均匀，土壤全盐在上层0~20 cm深度属于中等变异性，在下层20~100 cm深度属于强变异性，空间分布上随着深度的变化出现差异。（2）研究区内主要阳离子为Na⁺+K⁺，各阳离子间含量差异性显著（P<0.05），阴离子主要为 $S O 4 2 -$ ，相较于其他阴离子含量差异性显著（P<0.05），各离子含量 $S O 4 2 -$ >Na⁺+K⁺> $C a 2 +$ >Mg²⁺> $H C O 3 -$ >Cl^-> $C O 3 2 -$ ，各离子浓度也随着土壤深度的增加而增加，与全盐和pH值变化一致。（3）通过相关性分析和主成分分析发现灌区内影响全盐的主要因子为 $S O 4 2 -$ 、Cl^-、Na⁺+K⁺、Mg²⁺，影响pH的主要因子则为 $C O 3 2 -$ 、 $H C O 3 -$ ，主要盐类以硫酸盐和氯化盐为主，但不同剖面深度盐类有显著差异，上层盐类主要是氯化盐类，下层则是硫酸盐类和氯化盐复合型，研究结果探明了影响红寺堡扬黄灌区土壤盐分特征的主导因子，为研究区盐碱地治理提供理论依据。

关键词: 盐碱地, 盐渍化特征, 相关性分析, 主成分分析, 红寺堡扬黄灌区, 宁夏

Abstract:

To explore the main factors influencing soil salinization in irrigation region of Yellow River of Hongsipu, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to study the salinization characteristics of the 0-100 cm soil profile. The results showed the following: (1) The overall soil in the study area is strongly alkaline, with the pH of the lower layer of 20-100 cm soil being significantly higher than that of the upper layer of 0-20 cm (P<0.05), which increases with increasing soil depth. The total salt content of soil also increases with increasing soil depth, showing a bottom aggregation-type profile feature of high at the bottom and low at the surface. The difference in total salt content of each layer of soil was not significant (P<0.05), which the pH of each layer of soil exhibited weak variability, with a relatively uniform spatial distribution. The total salt content of soil in the upper layer showed moderate variability at depths of 0-20 cm, while in the lower layer of depths of 20-100 cm it showed strong variabilily, with differences in spatial distribution appearing with changes in depth. (2) The main cation in the study area is Na⁺+K⁺, with significant differences in the content of each cation (P<0.05). The main anion is $S O 4 2 -$ , which significant difference compared with other anions (P<0.05). The contents of the ions are in following order: $S O 4 2 -$ > Na⁺ +K⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺> $H C O 3 -$ > Cl^- > $C O 3 2 -$ , and the concentration of each ion also increases with increasing of soil depth, consistent with the changes in total salt and pH. (3) Through correlation analysis and principal component analysis, it was found that the main factors affecting total salt in the irrigation area are $S O 4 2 -$ , Cl^-, Na⁺+K⁺, and Mg²⁺, while the main factors affecting pH are $C O 3 2 -$ and $H C O 3 -$ . The main salts are sulfate and chloride, but there are significant differences in salt types at different depth profiles. The upper layer of salt is mainly chloride, while the lower layer is a composite of sulfate and chloride. The results of this study prove the main factors affecting the soil salinity characteristics of irrigation region of Yellow River of Hongsipu, and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of alkali soil in the study area.

Key words: saline-alkali land, salinization characteristics, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, irrigation region of Yellow River of Hongsipu, Ningxia

牛子路, 王磊, 齐拓野, 张伊婧, 申建香, 杨竹青, 王恩田, 蒋淑汀. 宁夏红寺堡扬黄灌区土壤盐渍化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(11): 1785-1796.

NIU Zilu, WANG Lei, QI Tuoye, ZHANG Yijing, SHEN Jianxiang, YANG Zhuqing, WANG Entian, JIANG Shuting. Soil salinization characteristics in irrigation region of Yellow River of Hongsipu, Ningxia[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(11): 1785-1796.

图/表 9

图1

表1

土壤全盐、pH及盐离子含量统计"

土层深度 /cm	参数	pH	全盐（TS） /（mg·kg^-1）	$C O 3 2 -$ /（mg·kg^-1）	$H C O 3 -$ /（mg·kg^-1）	Cl^- /（mg·kg^-1）	$S O 4 2 -$ /（mg·kg^-1）	Ca²⁺ /（mg·kg^-1）	Mg²⁺ /（mg·kg^-1）	Na⁺+K⁺ /（mg·kg^-1）
0~10 （n=77）	最小值	8.60	290.77	0.00	20.33	8.47	258.80	60.00	13.01	106.35
	最大值	9.40	3218.81	2.77	164.57	98.67	1027.05	338.67	113.87	956.19
	均值	8.95	593.29	1.34	30.92	17.44	510.22	135.28	47.83	253.74
	标准差	0.15	425.45	0.56	16.79	11.56	132.48	37.31	21.68	143.37
	变异系数/%	1.68	71.71	41.79	54.30	66.28	25.97	27.58	45.33	56.50
10~20 （n=77）	最小值	8.60	300.75	0.00	16.81	9.26	259.15	82.67	14.64	125.50
	最大值	9.27	2776.36	3.30	46.50	71.49	1333.70	258.67	246.44	679.62
	均值	8.98	604.90	1.41	27.28	17.83	510.82	132.82	50.55	242.16
	标准差	0.15	425.55	0.66	6.32	11.15	173.54	34.49	33.54	121.70
	变异系数/%	1.67	70.35	46.81	23.17	62.54	33.97	25.97	66.35	50.26
20~40 （n=76）	最小值	8.00	276.94	0.00	3.25	7.68	177.96	36.00	2.44	32.69
	最大值	9.92	4699.41	6.00	95.57	146.53	1575.64	448.00	161.04	1197.18
	均值	9.06	690.53	1.35	26.75	19.37	501.03	128.38	48.79	238.66
	标准差	0.26	748.66	1.12	11.81	21.30	228.87	66.07	34.36	177.31
	变异系数/%	2.87	108.42	82.96	44.15	109.96	45.68	51.46	70.42	74.29
40~60 （n=76）	最小值	8.41	276.71	0.00	4.47	5.91	176.89	56.00	2.44	33.06
	最大值	9.91	3593.68	6.40	92.32	137.67	2363.97	352.00	407.48	1187.93
	均值	9.07	685.03	1.31	25.09	19.04	495.98	124.16	49.17	252.33
	标准差	0.24	642.03	1.11	11.64	19.48	286.14	65.18	51.32	184.11
	变异系数/%	2.64	93.72	84.73	46.39	102.31	57.69	52.50	104.37	72.96
60~80 （n=75）	最小值	8.28	297.92	0.00	10.98	8.86	177.96	48.00	1.22	44.28
	最大值	9.62	4602.75	4.20	47.58	150.08	1966.03	420.00	329.40	1344.53
	均值	9.08	818.45	1.30	24.13	20.53	502.65	120.29	55.34	267.85
	标准差	0.22	939.88	0.95	6.73	23.35	277.69	59.42	50.91	220.45
	变异系数/%	2.42	114.84	73.08	27.89	113.74	55.25	49.40	91.99	82.30
80~100 （n=74）	最小值	8.16	323.39	0.00	4.07	7.68	205.55	28.00	2.44	40.41
	最大值	9.91	5024.77	6.50	67.92	145.35	6518.8	1720.00	561.20	1149.78
	均值	9.08	825.67	1.23	24.63	20.00	587.68	137.92	61.85	298.33
	标准差	0.29	962.13	1.27	8.66	19.06	742.10	193.85	74.31	221.90
	变异系数/%	3.19	116.53	103.25	35.16	95.30	126.28	140.55	120.15	74.38

表1

图2

图3

图4

图5

表2

土壤主成分因子载荷矩阵、特征值及累计贡献率"

因子	主成分一	主成分二
pH	-0.358	0.714
全盐（TS）	0.916	0.293
$C O 3 2 -$	-0.042	0.624
$H C O 3 -$	0.156	-0.453
Cl^-	0.789	0.501
$S O 4 2 -$	0.887	-0.278
Ca²⁺	0.795	-0.376
Mg²⁺	0.858	-0.115
Na⁺+K⁺	0.832	0.399
特征值	4.462	1.830
累计贡献率/%	49.58	69.94

表2

表3

主成分得分系数矩阵"

因子	主成分一	主成分二
pH	-0.170	0.527
全盐（TS）	0.434	0.216
$C O 3 2 -$	0.020	0.461
$H C O 3 -$	0.074	-0.335
Cl^-	0.374	0.370
$S O 4 2 -$	0.420	-0.205
Ca²⁺	0.376	-0.278
Mg²⁺	0.406	-0.085
Na⁺+K⁺	0.393	0.295

表3

图6

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