新疆博尔塔拉河中游地表水与地下水转化关系及原因

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.11.05

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 1754-1764.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.11.05 cstr: 32277.14.j.azr.2023.11.05

新疆博尔塔拉河中游地表水与地下水转化关系及原因

高福翔^1,^2,³(),徐东升⁴,周金龙^1,^2,³(),周龙^1,^2,³

1.新疆农业大学水利与土木工程学院，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
2.新疆水文水资源工程技术研究中心，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
3.新疆水利工程安全与水灾害防治重点实验室，新疆乌鲁木齐 830052
4.中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司，天津 300222

收稿日期:2023-04-28 修回日期:2023-07-09 出版日期:2023-11-15 发布日期:2023-12-01
作者简介:高福翔（1996-），男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为地下水流数值模拟. E-mail: 1084564084@qq.com
基金资助:
中水北方勘测设计研究有限责任公司委托项目“新疆温泉地下水库水文地质条件分析及调蓄过程数值模拟专题研究”(ZSBF-WT202106)

Relationship and cause of surface water and groundwater transformation in the middle reaches of Bortala River, Xinjiang

GAO Fuxiang^1,^2,³(),XU Dongsheng⁴,ZHOU Jinlong^1,^2,³(),ZHOU Long^1,^2,³

1. College of Hydraulic and Civil Engineering, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
2. Xinjiang Hydrology and Water Resources Engineering Research Center, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Hydraulic Engineering Safety and Water Disaster Prevention, Urumqi 830052, Xinjiang, China
4. Zhongshui North Engineering Design & Research Co. Ltd., Tianjin 300222, China

Received:2023-04-28 Revised:2023-07-09 Published:2023-11-15 Online:2023-12-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

新疆博尔塔拉河流域水资源短缺且时空分配不均，定量计算出中游不同河段、不同时段地表水与地下水的转化量，对地下水开采与回补、地表水与地下水优化配置具有重要意义。基于2021年12月1日—2022年11月30日博尔塔拉河中游5个监测断面的逐日测流资料，运用河道径流分析法，结合P-III(Pearson-Ⅲ)型分布频率曲线、各监测断面来水量对比图和水文地质剖面图等对地表水与地下水转化进行了定量分析，并对渗漏河段入渗率与来水量关系进行了拟合。结果表明：（1） 5个监测断面中，博乐水文站年来水量最多，查乡大桥监测断面年来水量最少。（2）博尔塔拉河中游2021年12月1日—2022年11月30日来水处于平水年份。（3）博尔塔拉河中游上段，地下水转化补给地表水；中段昆得仑渠首-查乡大桥段地表水大量入渗补给地下水，入渗系数为0.67，入渗率与来水量呈显著负相关关系；下段，地下水再次溢出地表。博尔塔拉河中游河段共经历了3次地表水与地下水转化，总体表现为地下水溢出补给地表水。

关键词: 地表水, 地下水, 转化关系, 河道径流分析, 博尔塔拉河流域

Abstract:

The Bortala River Basin in Xinjiang is short of water resources and is unevenly distributed in time and space. It is important to quantitatively calculate the conversion rates of the surface water and groundwater in different reaches of the basin and as well as at different periods for the purposes of groundwater exploitation and replenishment and for the optimal allocation of water resources. Based on the daily flow measurement data from five monitored sections in the middle reaches of Bortala River from December 1, 2021, to November 30, 2022, Using river runoff analysis method, combined with the P-III distribution frequency curve, comparisons of water quantity between different monitoring sections, and hydrogeological cross-sections. The relationship between the infiltration rate and the runoff in the leaking river section was also fitted. The results showed that: (1) among the five monitoring stations, Bole Hydrology Station had the largest annual runoff, while Chaxiang Bridge had the smallest; (2) the runoff in the middle reaches of Bortala River was in a normal flow year year of 2022. (3) in the upper part of the middle reaches of the Bortala River, groundwater is converted to recharge surface water; The surface water in the section that runs from the Kundelun canal head to Chaxiang Bridge has a large amount of infiltration to recharge groundwater (infiltration coefficient: 0.67), and the infiltration rate was found to be significantly negatively correlated with the quantity of incoming water; In the lower part, groundwater spilled over the surface. The middle reaches of the Bortala River experienced three conversions of surface water and groundwater, with an overall performance of groundwater overflow supplementing surface water.

Key words: surface water, groundwater, transformation relationship, river runoff analysis, Bortala River Basin

高福翔, 徐东升, 周金龙, 周龙. 新疆博尔塔拉河中游地表水与地下水转化关系及原因[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(11): 1754-1764.

GAO Fuxiang, XU Dongsheng, ZHOU Jinlong, ZHOU Long. Relationship and cause of surface water and groundwater transformation in the middle reaches of Bortala River, Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(11): 1754-1764.

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名称	位置	展布方向	性质	组成物	岩性厚度	对地下水的作用
沙尕提山前断陷盆地	温泉县以西	EW	山前断陷盆地	上更新统-全新统冲洪积物	砂砾、卵砾厚上百米	渗漏、储存
温泉隆起	温泉县附近	近NS	基岩隆起	石炭系区域变质岩	石英岩、石英砂岩	阻挡潜水流动，造成地下水补给河流
昆得仑断陷盆地	温泉- 小营盘	EW	博尔塔拉断凹	上更新统-全新统冲洪积物	砂砾、卵砾亚砂土	渗漏、储存
博乐断隆	博乐-乌图布拉格	NE	基岩隆起	上部为冲积层，下伏基岩	冲积物18.9~60 m，下为花岗闪长岩，厚50~200 m	基岩阻挡潜水运动，西侧地下水溢出，东侧大量渗漏

日期/年-月	温泉水文站	昆得仑渠首	查乡大桥	87团电站引水渠首	博乐水文站	温泉水文站-昆得仑渠首	昆得仑渠首 -查乡大桥	查乡大桥-87团电站引水渠首	87团电站引水渠首-博乐水文站
2021-12	2147	2866	1164	2117	5942	-719	1702	-953	-3825
2022-01	2455	2677	922	1863	5629	-222	1755	-941	-3766
2022-02	2167	2425	620	1624	5168	-258	1805	-1004	-3544
2022-03	2368	2802	807	1853	5613	-434	1995	-1046	-3760
2022-04	1694	1472	250	1050	2389	222	1222	-800	-1339
2022-05	2499	2063	525	1185	1737	436	1538	-660	-552
2022-06	4316	2433	1115	1775	1729	1883	1318	-660	46
2022-07	4414	2995	1354	1885	1367	1419	1641	-531	518
2022-08	3219	1678	730	1229	1170	1541	948	-499	59
2022-09	2548	1806	1127	1548	3150	742	679	-421	-1602
2022-10	2183	1891	1234	1821	4261	292	657	-587	-2440
2022-11	2122	1801	1120	1747	5596	321	681	-627	-3849
合计	32132	26909	10968	19697	43751	5223	15941	-8729	-24054

时间	n	R²	P	拟合方程
春季（3—5月）	9	0.936	<0.001	y=-0.041x+1.1281
夏季（6—8月）	9	0.656	0.008	y=-0.0368x+0.9296
秋季（9—11月）	9	0.867	<0.001	y=-0.1148x+1.1766
冬季（12—1月）	9	0.349	0.317	y=-0.1296x²+2.5954x-12.298
全年	36	0.074	0.109	y=-0.02x+0.7805

新疆博尔塔拉河中游地表水与地下水转化关系及原因

Relationship and cause of surface water and groundwater transformation in the middle reaches of Bortala River, Xinjiang

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