乌珠穆沁沙地主要风沙环境特征及形成机制研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.10.15

干旱区研究 ›› 2023, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (10): 1687-1697.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2023.10.15 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20231015

乌珠穆沁沙地主要风沙环境特征及形成机制研究

张昊¹(),党晓宏^1,^2,³(),蒙仲举^1,²,高永^1,⁴,刘阳⁵,秦青船⁶

1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010018
2.内蒙古杭锦荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017400
3.包头市林业和草原局，内蒙古包头 014030
4.中央与地方共建高校特色优势学科“风沙物理”重点实验室，内蒙古呼和浩特 010018
5.内蒙古自治区水利科学研究院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010020
6.东乌珠穆沁旗水利事业发展中心，内蒙古锡林浩特 026300

收稿日期:2023-05-11 修回日期:2023-08-07 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2023-11-01
作者简介:张昊（1999-），男，硕士研究生，研究方向为荒漠化防治监测. E-mail: 1098228823@qq.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技计划“乌珠穆沁沙地生态脆弱区植被恢复与重建技术研究”(2020GG0077)

Study on main aeolian sand environment characteristics and formation mechanism in Wuzhumuqin Sandy Land

ZHANG Hao¹(),DANG Xiaohong^1,^2,³(),MENG Zhongju^1,²,GAO Yong^1,⁴,LIU Yang⁵,QIN Qingchuan⁶

1. School of Desert Management, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
2. National Positioning and Observation Research Station of Hangjin Desert Ecosystem, Ordos 017400, Inner Mongolia, China
3. Baotou Forestry and Grassland Bureau, Baotou 014030, Inner Mongolia, China
4. Key Laboratory of “Sandstorm Physics”, A Characteristic and Advantageous Discipline Jointly Built by the Central and Local Governments, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
5. Research Institute of Water Resources of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
6. Dongwuzhumuqin Banner Water Conservancy Development Center, Xilinhot 026300, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2023-05-11 Revised:2023-08-07 Published:2023-10-15 Online:2023-11-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

厘清区域风沙运动环境和沉积物粒度特征是研究风沙流的关键，对地区风沙灾害的防护与治理具有重要意义。本文利用乌珠穆沁沙地的风况数据，研究沙地起沙风况和输沙势变化特征，同时结合沉积物粒径数据，揭示该地区风沙环境的空间分异规律。结果表明：（1）乌珠穆沁沙地年均起沙风频率为33.8%，平均风速介于3.34~5.40 m·s^-1之间，平均起沙风速介于6.46~8.49 m·s^-1之间，沙地起沙风频率和风速北部大于南部，西部大于东部。（2）沙地整体年内起沙风频率和风速春季最高，起沙风向以西南方向为主，WSW风向频率最高。（3）沙地输沙势为19.2~193.7 VU，整体属低风能环境，风况多为锐双峰风况，沙地输沙势北部大于南部，西部大于东部。全年沙物质整体向东、东北方向输移，春季是最主要的风沙活动期。（4）沙地整体以粗沙和中沙组分为主，南部和西部土壤粒径偏粗，东部偏细。沙地北部和东部沉积物分选性较差，粒径组分受外来影响较大。总体而言，沙地北部风沙活动最强，适宜人工建植或铺设沙障固沙。沙地东部栽植防护林，避免沙物质持续东移。

关键词: 风况, 输沙势, 沉积物, 空间差异, 乌珠穆沁沙地

Abstract:

Mastering the regional wind sand movement environment and sediment particle size characteristics is the key to studying wind sand flow, and is of great significance for the prevention and recovery of regional wind sand disasters. Based on the wind regime data of Wuzhumuqin Sandy Land, this paper studies the variation characteristics of sand driving wind regime and sand transport potential, and reveals the spatial differences of sand environment in this area by combining with the sediment particle size data. The results show that:（1）The annual average frequency of sand blowing in the Wuzhumuqin sandy land is 33.8%, with an average wind speed of 3.34-5.40 m·s^-1, and an average sand blowing wind speed of 6.46-8.49 m·s^-1. The frequency and wind speed of sand blowing in the north of the sandy land are greater than those in the south, and those in the west are greater than those in the east. （2）The overall annual frequency and wind speed of sand storms are the highest in spring. The wind direction of sand storms is mainly in the southwest direction, and the frequency in the WSW direction is the highest.（3）The sand transport potential in the sandy land is 19.2-193.7 VU, which is generally a low wind energy environment. The wind conditions are mostly sharp bimodal wind conditions. The sand transport potential in the north of the sandy land is greater than that in the south, and that in the west is greater than that in the east. Throughout the year, sand material is transported to the east and northeast, and spring is the most important period of wind sand activity.（4）The sandy land is mainly composed of coarse and medium sand components, with soil particle sizes in the south and west being coarser and finer in the east. The sorting of sediment in the northern and eastern parts of the sandy land is poor, and the particle size components are greatly influenced by external factors. Overall, the sandstorm activity in the northern part of the sandy land is the strongest, making it suitable for artificial planting or laying sand barriers to fix sand. Protection forest is planted in the east of the sandy land to avoid the continuous eastward movement of sand.

Key words: wind conditions, sediment transport potential, sediments, spatial differences, Wuzhumuqin Sandy Land

张昊, 党晓宏, 蒙仲举, 高永, 刘阳, 秦青船. 乌珠穆沁沙地主要风沙环境特征及形成机制研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2023, 40(10): 1687-1697.

ZHANG Hao, DANG Xiaohong, MENG Zhongju, GAO Yong, LIU Yang, QIN Qingchuan. Study on main aeolian sand environment characteristics and formation mechanism in Wuzhumuqin Sandy Land[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(10): 1687-1697.

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		巴拉噶尔高勒镇	巴彦高勒镇	巴彦胡硕苏木	乌兰哈拉噶苏木
年	主风向	WSW、SW、W、WNW	WSW、SW、W、WNW	WSW、W、SW、WNW	WSW、WNW、NW、W
年	频率/%	69.0	59.1	63.7	56.7
春季	主风向	SW、NW、WSW、WNW、W	WNW、WSW、W、SW、NW	NW、WSW、W、SW、WNW	NW、WSW、WNW、W
春季	频率/%	71.2	55.5	63.0	53.1
夏季	主风向	S、SW、SSW、SSE	WSW、SW、W、SSW	SW、WSW、SSE、S	SSE、S、SE
夏季	频率/%	54.6	43.6	43.6	38.4
秋季	主风向	WSW、SW、WNW、W	WSW、SW、W	WSW、SW、W、WNW、NW	WSW、WNW、NW、W、SW
秋季	频率/%	74.5	53.7	80.2	72.2
冬季	主风向	WSW、W、SW	WSW、SW、W	WSW、W、SW	WSW、SW
冬季	频率/%	79.8	75.9	77.3	62.5

采样位置		粒径组分含量/%							粒径参数
		黏土<3.1 μm	粉粒3.1~63 μm	极细沙	细沙	中沙	粗沙500~1000 μm	极粗沙	M_Z	σ	SK
		黏土<3.1 μm	粉粒3.1~63 μm	63~125 μm	125~250 μm	250~500 μm	粗沙500~1000 μm	1000~2000 μm	M_Z	σ	SK
巴拉噶尔高勒	最大值	2.5	8.8	4.4	46.9	32.8	4.4	13.6	2.13	1.87	0.58
	最小值	0.8	3.1	0.7	13	16.6	6.5	1.6	0.89	1.1	0.06
	均值	1.6	6	1.9	26.7	25.3	30.8	7.7	1.38	1.54	0.32
巴彦高勒	最大值	2.8	13.1	1.1	31.9	38.6	50.6	13.4	2.12	1.76	0.48
	最小值	0.4	2.8	0.3	8.4	28.3	11.8	1.3	0.77	0.96	0.06
	均值	1.3	5.5	0.6	17.8	31	36.4	7.4	1.17	1.33	0.33
巴彦胡硕	最大值	2.9	15.2	7.3	36.7	30.5	53.6	18.2	2.41	1.93	0.78
	最小值	1.6	7.1	1	11.3	6.5	26	4	0.98	0.9	0.08
	均值	2	9.6	3.5	23.5	16.6	35	9.6	1.51	1.4	0.44
乌兰哈拉噶	最大值	2.8	13.6	2.6	37.9	48.6	56.5	6.5	2.6	2.51	0.58
	最小值	1.1	3.4	0.4	5.8	26.3	5.5	1.8	0.74	1.71	0.28
	均值	1.6	7.4	1.5	22.3	38.3	25.6	3.3	1.57	1.94	0.4

乌珠穆沁沙地主要风沙环境特征及形成机制研究

Study on main aeolian sand environment characteristics and formation mechanism in Wuzhumuqin Sandy Land

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