民勤青土湖梭梭茎干液流特征及其对环境因子的响应

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.15

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用TDP插针式植物茎流计,对青土湖5—10月不同直径梭梭茎干液流通量（SV）日、季变化进行监测,结合气象数据,研究青土湖梭梭的耗水特性及其对环境因子的响应特征。结果显示：（1）晴天,6—8月梭梭SV日变化曲线主要呈单峰型;7月偶有多峰型,峰值出现较早;9—10月梭梭SV明显降低,日变化中峰值时间推迟。雨天,梭梭SV呈多峰型且明显低于晴天。（2）梭梭SV在5月达到最大值,6—10月梭梭SV呈先增后降趋势。（3）梭梭5—10月日均耗水量2.15~5.28 kg·d^-1,接近古尔班通古特沙漠原生梭梭5—9月日均耗水量2.8~6.4 kg·d^-1。（4）日尺度下梭梭SV与气象因子的相关关系依次为：净辐射>气温>饱和水汽压差>相对湿度>风速。（5）晴天土壤水分与梭梭SV呈极显著相关,且在土层100 cm以下的根区是影响梭梭SV的主要区域。

关键词: 梭梭, 气象因子, 土壤水分, 茎干液流, 民勤

Abstract:

The daily and seasonal variation characteristics of stem sap flow of Haloxylon ammodendron with different diameters from May to October in Qingtu Lake were monitored by a TDP plug-in plant stem flow meter. Combined with meteorological data, the water consumption characteristics of Haloxylon ammodendron and its response characteristics to environmental factors were investigated. The following results are presented. (1) The diurnal variation curve of stem sap flow from June to August was mainly a single peak, and occasional multipeaks were observed in July. The peak appeared early, that is, the night sap flow was weak, and the difference between day and night was significant. From September to October, the stem fluid flow (SV) decreased significantly, and the peak time in the daily variation was delayed. On rainy days, Haloxylon ammodendron SV decreased with the increase in rainfall. (2) The stem sap flow of Haloxylon ammodendron was the largest in May, with a peak value of 291.04 cm³·cm^-2·h^-1. The SV of Haloxylon ammodendron increased first and then decreased from June to October and decreased sharply after reaching 225.73 cm³·cm^-2·h^-1 in September. (3) A large base diameter of Haloxylon ammodendron induced increased water consumption. The total water consumption of four Haloxylon ammodendron is 1988.41 kg, and the daily average water consumption is 2.76 kg, which is close to the daily average water consumption of native Haloxylon ammodendron in Gurbantunggut Desert from May to September. (4) The response of stem fluid flow of Haloxylon ammodendron to environmental factors showed substantial differences each month. The correlation degree between SV and meteorological factors on a daily scale is as follows: air temperature > net radiation > saturated water air pressure difference > relative humidity > wind speed. (3) Soil moisture has a considerable influence on Haloxylon ammodendron SV. A significant correlation was observed between soil moisture and Haloxylon ammodendron SV on sunny days, and the main area affecting Haloxylon ammodendron SV was below 100 cm of the soil layer.

Key words: Haloxylon ammodendron, meteorological factors, soil moisture, stem sap flow, Minqin

强玉泉,徐先英,张锦春,刘虎俊,郭树江,段晓峰. 民勤青土湖梭梭茎干液流特征及其对环境因子的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(4): 1143-1154.

QIANG Yuquan,XU Xianying,ZHANG Jinchun,LIU Hujun,GUO Shujiang,DUAN Xiaofeng. Characteristics of stem sap flow of Haloxylon ammodendron and its response to environmental factors in Qingtu Lake, Minqin[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1143-1154.

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样树编号	株高/cm	探头型号	地径/cm	40 cm处直径/cm	探头安装高度/cm	冠幅/cm
S1	250	TDP30	5.08	4.97	40	260/190
S2	290	TDP30	5.33	5.23	40	230/280
S3	290	TDP30	5.85	5.69	40	300/290
S4	380	TDP30	7.85	7.31	40	385/370

直径/cm	月份	气温	相对湿度	净辐射	饱和水汽压差	风速
直径/cm	月份	T/℃	RH/%	Rn/（W·m^-2）	VPD/kPa	Ws/（m·s^-1）
S1=4.97	5	0.812^**	-0.756^**	0.858^**	0.711^**	0.577^**
	6	-0.008	0.335	0.230	-0.126	0.465
	7	0.558^**	-0.724^*	0.512^**	0.557^**	0.491^*
	8	0.465^**	-0.202	0.357^*	0.229	0.169^*
	9	0.447^**	-0.677^**	0.591^*	0.213	0.646^**
	10	0.531^*	-0.852^**	0.724^**	0.681^**	0.704^**
S2=5.23	5	0.801^**	-0.711^**	0.548^**	0.644^**	0.630^**
	6	0.182	0.112	-0.180	0.557^*	0.228
	7	0.458^*	-0.727^**	0.582^**	0.582^**	0.752^**
	8	0.562^**	-0.512^**	0.441^**	0.603^**	0.571^**
	9	0.656^**	-0.585^**	0.551^*	0.629^**	0.618^**
	10	0.433^*	-0.619^**	-0.181	0.657^**	0.633^**
S3=5.69	5	0.811^**	-0.332^**	0.803^**	0.712^**	0.415^**
	6	0.312	0.165	0.212	0.314	-0.256
	7	0.609^**	-0.465^**	0.644^**	0.768^**	0.580^**
	8	0.516^**	-0.471^**	0.526^**	0.571^**	0.557^**
	9	0.692^**	-0.616^**	0.575^**	0.448^*	0.605^**
	10	0.525^**	-0.428^*	0.412	0.632^**	0.457^*
S4=7.40	5	0.551^**	-0.609^*	0.824^**	0.653^*	0.445^*
	6	0.029	0.144	0.183	-0.124	0.064
	7	0.721^**	-0.846^**	0.651^**	0.715^**	0.622^**
	8	0.754^**	-0.610^*	0.597^**	0.773^**	0.243
	9	0.844^**	-0.313^**	0.803^**	0.736^**	0.337^**
	10	0.206	0.058	0.457^**	0.150	0.078
平均直径	5	0.743^**	-0.602^**	0.758^**	0.680^**	0.516^**
	6	0.128	0.189	0.112	-0.155	0.125
	7	0.586^**	-0.691^**	0.597^**	0.655^**	0.605^**
	8	0.544^**	-0.448^**	0.480^**	0.574^**	0.385^**
	9	0.659^**	-0.547^**	0.630^**	0.506^**	0.551^**
	10	0.423^*	-0.160	0.553^**	0.430^*	0.068

直径/cm	天气状况	气温	相对湿度	净辐射	饱和水汽压差	降雨量
直径/cm	天气状况	T/℃	RH/%	Rn/（W·m^-2）	VPD/kPa	Rain/mm
S1=4.97	晴天	0.765^**	-0.714^**	0.791^**	0.769^**	-
	雨天	0.376	-0.631^**	0.850^**	0.677^**	0.470^**
S2=5.23	晴天	0.762^**	-0.712^**	0.746^**	0.772^**	-
	雨天	0.392	-0.705^**	0.752^**	0.740^**	0.488^**
S3=5.69	晴天	0.816^**	-0.771^**	0.765^**	0.787^**	-
	雨天	0.450^*	-0.584^**	0.853^**	0.737^**	0.513^**
S4=7.40	晴天	0.554^**	-0.510^*	0.671^**	0.681^**	-
	雨天	0.505^*	-0.621^**	0.878^**	0.751^**	0.546^**
平均直径	晴天	0.714^**	-0.665^**	0.759^**	0.771^**	-
	雨天	0.436^*	-0.658^**	0.707^**	0.740^**	0.513^**

土层/cm	晴天				雨天
土层/cm	S1	S2	S3	S4	S1	S2	S3	S4
5	0.009	-0.084	-0.161	0.178	0.211	0.224	0.203	0.197
20	-0.062	-0.155	-0.227	0.116	0.181	0.179	0.181	0.175
50	-0.760^**	-0.781^**	-0.722^**	-0.837^**	0.192	0.119	0.188	0.176
100	0.589^**	0.621^**	0.574^**	0.689^**	0.235	0.329	0.193	0.245

梭梭类型	监测时间/地点	测定方法	梭梭直径/cm	日耗水量/总耗水量/kg	文献
原生梭梭	4—9月/ 古尔班通古特沙漠	热脉冲法	7.8~9	2.5~4.6/ 400~500	[31]
原生梭梭	6—11月/ 巴丹吉林沙漠	热扩散法	9.9~13.66	2.0~8.3/ 495~1232	[13]
原生梭梭	5—9月/ 古尔班通古特沙漠	热扩散法	4.55~9.55	1.7~3.7/ 511~1145	[18]
人工梭梭	5—9月/ 乌兰布和沙漠	热扩散法	7~12.5	2.8~6.4/ 629~1104	[19]
人工梭梭	6—9月/ 石河子大学农试场	热扩散法	15.7~21.5	4.1~6.8/ 600~925	[32]