冻融作用下地下水浅埋区土壤盐分及离子变化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.12

干旱区研究 ›› 2022, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 448-455.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.12

冻融作用下地下水浅埋区土壤盐分及离子变化特征

刘磊¹(),陈军锋¹(),吕棚棚¹,赵德星¹,杜琦²

1.太原理工大学水利科学与工程学院,山西太原 030024
2.山西省水文水资源勘测总站太谷均衡实验站,山西太谷 030800

收稿日期:2021-09-22 修回日期:2021-11-24 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-03-30
通讯作者: 陈军锋
作者简介:刘磊（1995-）,男,硕士研究生,研究方向为水资源与水环境. E-mail: liulei4525@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金面上项目(41572239);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(41502243);山西省自然科学基金面上基金项目(201901D111053);山西省水利科学技术研究与推广项目(2021LS006);国家级大学生创新创业项目(202110112055);国家级大学生创新创业项目(202010112016)

Variation in soil salinity and ions in a shallow groundwater area under freeze-thaw

LIU Lei¹(),CHEN Junfeng¹(),LYU Pengpeng¹,ZHAO Dexing¹,DU Qi²

1. College of Water Resources Science and Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
2. Taigu Water Balance Experimental Field, Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Survey of Shanxi Province, Taigu 030800, Shanxi, China

Received:2021-09-22 Revised:2021-11-24 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-03-30
Contact: Junfeng CHEN

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冻融作用是地下水浅埋区土壤盐渍化的重要原因之一,了解其对土壤盐分及离子变化的影响对土壤盐渍化防治具有重要意义。为探究冻融作用下土壤盐分及离子的分布及变化规律,以太谷均衡实验站地中蒸渗仪系统为试验设备,结合野外和室内试验分析了2020—2021年冻融期内6种不同地下水埋深下土壤剖面水分、可溶性盐分及离子含量的变化特征以及冻结层在冻融过程中对土壤盐分运移的影响,并采用灰色关联法分析了土壤含盐量与离子间的关联度。结果表明：（1）蒸渗仪土壤中以Na⁺、Ca²⁺、HCO₃^-、SO₄^2-及Cl^-为主,土壤含盐量与Na⁺和HCO₃^-极显著相关,与Ca²⁺、SO₄^2-和Cl^-显著相关。（2）冻结层在整个冻融过程中对于Ca²⁺和Cl^-变化影响较小,对Na⁺,HCO₃^-,SO₄^2-及土壤总盐分变化影响较大。当冻结层全部处于最大毛细水上升高度范围内时,冻结层起积盐作用;当冻结层未处于最大毛细水上升高度范围内时,冻结层对于盐分运移起阻碍作用。（3）土壤含盐量与地下水埋深之间呈反比关系。当地下水埋深为3.0 m时,土壤含盐量变化值远小于0.5~2.5 m埋深。该研究可为地下水浅埋区土壤盐渍化的防治提供理论依据。

关键词: 冻融作用, 地下水埋深, 土壤盐分, 离子含量

Abstract:

In shallow groundwater areas, freeze-thaw is one of the most important factors affecting the soil salinization process. Determining the variation in soil salinity and different soil salinity ions during the freeze-thaw process is of great significance for the prevention and control of soil salinization in seasonal freeze-thaw areas. A ground lysimeter system located on Taigu Water Balance Experimental Field was used to examine soil salinity and soil salinity ions. The ground lysimeter system had six different groundwater depths (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 m, and 3.0 m) and the soil water content, soluble soil salinity content, and content of soluble soil salinity irons were analyzed during the freeze-thaw period from 2020 to 2021. Correlations between the soil salt content and five salinity ions were analyzed using the Gray correlation method. The results showed that the soluble salinity ions in the soil mainly consisted of Na⁺, Ca²⁺, HCO₃^-, SO₄^2-, and Cl^-. The correlation analysis revealed that the soil salt content of soil was highly significantly correlated with Na⁺ and HCO₃^-, and significantly correlated with Ca²⁺ and SO₄^2-. The position of the frozen layer had a strong influence on changes in Na⁺, HCO₃^-, SO₄^2-, and soil salt content throughout the freeze-thaw process; however, Ca²⁺ and Cl^- were less affected by the frozen layer. When the entire frozen layer was within the maximum capillary water rise height, salt accumulation in the frozen layer was obvious. However, the frozen layer acted as an obstruction when it was not within the maximum capillary water rise height. There was an inverse relationship between the groundwater depth and soil salt content. When the depth of groundwater was 3.0 m, the change in soil salt content was much lower than that at groundwater depths of 0.5-2.5 m. These results provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and control of soil salinization in shallow groundwater areas.

Key words: freeze-thaw action, groundwater depth, soil salinity, ion content

刘磊,陈军锋,吕棚棚,赵德星,杜琦. 冻融作用下地下水浅埋区土壤盐分及离子变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2022, 39(2): 448-455.

LIU Lei,CHEN Junfeng,LYU Pengpeng,ZHAO Dexing,DU Qi. Variation in soil salinity and ions in a shallow groundwater area under freeze-thaw[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 448-455.

图/表 6

图1

表1

表2

土壤剖面盐分离子间的相关性"

离子种类	含盐量	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Cl^-	$S O 4 2 -$	$HC O 3 -$
含盐量	1
Na⁺	0.900	1
Ca²⁺	0.817	0.694	1
Cl^-	0.730	0.749	0.749	1
$S O 4 2 -$	0.806	0.798	0.833	0.847	1
$HC O 3 -$	0.909	0.699	0.820	0.442	0.516	1

表2

图2

图3

图4

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土壤质地	不同粒径质量百分数/%			最大毛细水上升高度/cm	给水度	干容重/（g·cm^-3）
土壤质地	黏粒 <0.002 mm	粉粒 0.002~0.02 mm	砂粒 >0.02 mm	最大毛细水上升高度/cm	给水度	干容重/（g·cm^-3）
砂壤土	16.4	27.5	56.1	185	0.08	1.45

冻融作用下地下水浅埋区土壤盐分及离子变化特征

Variation in soil salinity and ions in a shallow groundwater area under freeze-thaw

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