干旱区研究 ›› 2021, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (6): 1601-1613.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.12
收稿日期:
2021-03-25
修回日期:
2021-05-24
出版日期:
2021-11-15
发布日期:
2021-11-29
通讯作者:
宋桂英
作者简介:
李瑞青(1987-),女,高级工程师,主要从事气候变化及其影响研究. E-mail: 基金资助:
LI Ruiqing1(),SONG Guiying1(),YIN Chun2
Received:
2021-03-25
Revised:
2021-05-24
Online:
2021-11-15
Published:
2021-11-29
Contact:
Guiying SONG
摘要:
内蒙古大部分地区属于温带大陆性季风气候区,气候脆弱、复杂多样。作为中国北方重要的生态安全屏障,在全球变暖的背景下,内蒙古夏季气温降水发生显著变化,该区域对气候变化的敏感性日渐凸显。基于气象站历史观测及全球再分析数据,分析近60 a内蒙古夏季气象要素变化特征及其对厄尔尼诺事件的响应,得出如下结论:(1) 近60 a内蒙古中部及以东大部分地区夏季降水量呈减少趋势,而气温则是全区性增温趋势。(2) 冬季厄尔尼诺指数与次年夏季气象要素的相关性呈年代际变化特征,且东部型厄尔尼诺次年夏季内蒙古大部地区降水偏多,气温偏低;中部型厄尔尼诺次年夏季内蒙古西北部降水偏多,而中东部大部降水偏少,全区气温偏高。(3) 分析不同型厄尔尼诺夏季降水差异的主要原因是2类厄尔尼诺事件中西太平洋副热带高压和异常反气旋环流以及中高纬度环流异常的强度和位置不同引起。东部型厄尔尼诺次年夏季,副高较常年偏南,欧亚中高纬地区双阻型环流异常,其间的低槽冷涡与上游阻高之间的偏北气流引起北冰洋水汽与副高西侧太平洋水汽在华北地区汇合并向东北输送,造成内蒙古降水异常偏多。对于中部型,副高位置较常年偏西偏北使偏南水汽转向东输送,同时中高纬度反气旋环流异常不利于高纬度水汽输送,使内蒙古大部地区水汽输送减小,降水较常年偏少。(4) 2类厄尔尼诺事件次年夏季印度洋海温异常引起的印度夏季风水汽输送对内蒙古夏季降水也有相当的作用。
李瑞青,宋桂英,迎春. 近60 a内蒙古夏季气候变化特征及其对厄尔尼诺的响应[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(6): 1601-1613.
LI Ruiqing,SONG Guiying,YIN Chun. Characteristics of summer climate change and its response to El Niño in Inner Mongolia during the past 60 years[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1601-1613.
表1
1961—2020年间的厄尔尼诺事件及次年夏季降水和气温距平值"
东部型 | 中部型 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
序号 | 起止年月 | 降水距平百分率/% | 气温/℃ | 序号 | 起止年月 | 降水距平百分率/% | 气温/℃ |
1 | 1965-05—1966-01 | 7.09 | -0.69 | 1 | 1994-07—1995-05 | 11.92 | -0.35 |
2 | 1972-06—1973-02 | 15.46 | -0.57 | 2 | 2002-04—2003-04 | 7.47 | -0.62 |
3 | 1976-07—1977-02 | 16.37 | -0.82 | 3 | 2004-07—2005-04 | -22.76 | 0.91 |
4 | 1982-08—1983-08 | 0.50 | -1.15 | 4 | 2009-10—2010-04 | -40.63 | 1.57 |
5 | 1986-11—1987-12 | 8.86 | 0.10 | 5 | 2018-08—2019-02 | 10.57 | 0.27 |
6 | 1991-11—1992-05 | 12.31 | -1.07 | 6 | 2019-06—2020-04 | 5.44 | 0.59 |
7 | 1997-06—1998-06 | 39.12 | -0.40 | ||||
8 | 2006-09—2007-01 | -13.35 | 1.35 | ||||
9 | 2014-11—2016-03 | 2.82 | 0.83 | ||||
平均 | 9.91 | -0.27 | 平均 | -4.67 | 0.40 |
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