3种低立式沙障内表层沉积物粒度特征研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.03.29

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以库布齐沙漠兴巴高速南铺设3 a的3种（PLA沙障、沙柳沙障、HDPE沙障）同种规格不同材料沙障为研究对象,通过采集沙障内表层0~2 cm沉积物样品,利用激光粒度仪测定样品机械组成,分析了平均粒径、标准偏差、偏度、峰态和分形维数等参数。结果表明：（1）以中、细砂为主,其含量约为77.83%~98.00%,黏粒和粉粒的含量均不超过5%;沙丘迎风坡坡底PLA和HDPE沙障内表现为轻度风蚀,颗粒粒径偏粗;沙柳沙障自坡底到坡顶,障格内粒径逐渐增大,在坡顶处发生蚀积转换。（2）整体上沙障内沉积物分选性较差,偏度向正偏或负偏发展,峰态向尖窄发展,分形维数在1.94~2.20,优势粒级向细砂转变。（3）不同类型沙障对沉积物的影响具有一定差异性,HDPE沙障和PLA沙障内沉积颗粒分布更为广泛,而沙柳沙障则相对集中,且都趋于细化;对土壤颗粒组成优化表现为HDPE沙障>沙柳沙障>PLA沙障。

关键词: 低立式沙障, 迎风坡, 粒度特征, 分形维数, 库布齐沙漠

Abstract:

This research examines the inner surface (0-2 cm) of three types of sand barriers (PLA, Salix, HDPE) of the same specifications that have been laid for three years in the south of Xingba Expressway in the Kubuqi Desert. The mechanical composition of the samples was measured using a laser particle size analyzer, and parameters, such as average particle size, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis, and fractal dimension, were analyzed. The study area was dominated by medium and fine sand (77.83%-98.00%), and the content of clay and powder particles did not exceed 5%. The PLA and HDPE sand barriers at the bottom of the windward slope of the dunes were manifested by mild wind erosion, and the particle size was relatively coarse. However, from the bottom to the top of the slope, the size of the sand willow sand barrier gradually increased, and there was a change from sedimentation to wind erosion at the top of the slope. Overall, the sediments in the sand barrier were poorly sorted, the skewness developed toward positive or negative deviation, kurtosis developed toward sharpness, the fractal dimension was 1.94-2.20, and the dominant grain size changed to fine sand. The impact of different types of sand barriers on sediments was different. The distribution of sediment particles in the HDPE and PLA sand barriers was more extensive, while the sand willow sand barrier was relatively concentrated and refined. The optimization of particle composition was HDPE> Salix> PLA sand barrier.

Key words: low vertical sand barrier, windward slope, granularity characteristics, fractal dimension, Kubuqi Desert

祁帅,汪季,党晓宏,魏亚娟,丁奋谦. 3种低立式沙障内表层沉积物粒度特征研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2021, 38(3): 875-881.

QI Shuai,WANG Ji,DANG Xiaohong,WEI Yajuan,DING Fenqian. Grain size characteristics of surface sediments in three low vertical sand barriers[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(3): 875-881.

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沙障类型	坡位	黏粒	粉粒	极细砂	细砂	中砂	粗砂	极粗砂
沙障类型	坡位	<2 μm	2~50 μm	50~100 μm	100~250 μm	250~500 μm	500~1000 μm	1000~2000 μm
裸沙丘	坡底	0.20±0.01Aa	0.73±0.06Ab	0.67±0.06Aa	42.90±0.44Bb	54.50±0.2Db	0.83±0.35Aa	0.23±0.13Aa
	坡中	0.20±0.03Aa	0.80±0.05Ab	0.77±0.06Ab	52.53±0.68Cc	43.70±0.95Ba	1.07±0.21Ba	0.87±0.58Aa
	坡顶	0.10±0.04Ab	0.47±0.06Aa	1.03±0.06Bb	26.03±0.65Aa	68.23±0.67Dc	4.10±0.17Bb	0Aa
PLA沙障	坡底	0.23±0.06Aa	0.70±0.04Aa	1.20±0.05Bb	35.23±0.81Aa	42.60±0.95Cb	14.23±1.33Cc	5.83±1.68Bb
	坡中	0.37±0.06Bb	1.33±0.06Bc	2.23±0.06Cc	48.30±0.44Bb	45.17±0.61Cc	2.13±0.25Cb	0.43±0.23Aa
	坡顶	0.30±0.05Bab	0.80±0.03Bb	0.83±0.06Aa	62.80±0.85Cc	35.20±0.82Ba	0.07±0.12Aa	0Aa
沙柳沙障	坡底	0.37±0.06Ba	1.30±0.07Bb	2.47±0.12Cb	67.43±0.8Db	25.77±0.25Aa	2.03±0.59Ab	0.50±0.35Aa
	坡中	0.37±0.06Ba	1.53±0.06Bc	3.53±0.12Dc	57.63±0.7Da	34.93±0.15Ab	1.53±0.42Bb	0.53±0.15Aa
	坡顶	0.27±0.06Ba	0.90±0.06Ca	1.00±0.05Ba	57.57±0.5Ba	39.33±0.29Cc	0.33±0.32Aa	0.53±0.45Aa
HDPE沙障	坡底	0.37±0.06Bab	2.27±0.06Cb	4.47±0.12Dc	49.07±1.58Cb	31.83±1.63Bb	8.13±1.79Bb	3.90±2.3Bb
	坡中	0.30±0.04Ba	1.27±0.06Ba	1.13±0.06Ba	46.40±0.92Aa	50.00±0.66Dc	0.53±0.15Ab	0.37±0.15Ab
	坡顶	0.43±0.06Cb	3.07±0.06Dc	2.33±0.06Cb	65.37±0.40Dc	28.80±0.36Aa	0Aa	0Aa

沙障类型	坡位	平均粒径/Φ	标准偏差	偏度	峰态	分型维数
裸沙丘	坡底	1.90±0.01Ba	0.48±0.01Aa	0.08±0.01Bc	0.99±0.01Aa	2.04±0.0ABa
	坡中	2.02±0.01Cc	0.52±0.01Ba	0.06±0.02Aa	1.00±0.01Aa	2.05±0.04Ba
	坡顶	1.68±0.01Aa	0.48±0.01Ab	0.11±0.01Cb	0.99±0.03Aa	1.95±0.03Aa
PLA沙障	坡底	1.59±0.08Ab	0.91±0.06Cb	-0.19±0.05Aa	1.14±0.03Cb	2.07±0.03Ba
	坡中	2.01±0.01Bb	0.61±0.01Bb	0.09±0.01Ab	1.01±0.01Bb	2.15±0.02Ac
	坡顶	2.15±0.01Cc	0.46±0.01Aa	0.08±0.01Aa	0.97±0.02Ab	2.10±0.04Bb
沙柳沙障	坡底	2.26±0.01Cc	0.54±0.02Ba	0.05±0.01Bc	1.02±0.01Ba	2.12±0.06Bab
	坡中	2.17±0.01Bd	0.61±0.02Cb	0.08±0.01Bb	1.04±0.01Cc	2.16±0.02Ac
	坡顶	2.10±0.01Ab	0.51±0.01Ac	0.07±0.01ABa	0.98±0.03Ac	2.09±0.03Bb
HDPE沙障	坡底	2.02±0.07Bd	0.92±0.07Cb	-0.12±0.06Ab	1.35±0.04Cc	2.18±0.02Bb
	坡中	1.97±0.01Aa	0.53±0.01Aa	0.11±0.03Bc	1.01±0.01Aab	2.12±0.05Ab
	坡顶	2.25±0.02Cd	0.54±0.01Ad	0.18±0.01Cc	1.13±0.01Bd	2.20±0.01Cc