干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2020, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 275-281.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2020.02.01

• 气候变化 •    下一篇

我国中高纬度地区冻融指数变化与冷暖急转现象

代海燕1，陈高娃2，吴建华3，杨丽萍1，都瓦拉1   

  1. （1. 内蒙古生态与农业气象中心，内蒙古 呼和浩特010051； 2. 呼伦贝尔市气象局，内蒙古 呼伦贝尔021008；3. 赤峰市气象局，内蒙古 赤峰024000）
  • 收稿日期:2019-03-26 修回日期:2019-07-05 出版日期:2020-03-26 发布日期:2020-04-21
  • 通讯作者: 杨丽萍.E-mail：ylp725121@126.com
  • 作者简介:代海燕(1978-)，男，博士，主要从事林业气象与生态气象方面的研究. E-mail：daihaiyan2003@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41461102)；林业公益性行业专项（201304206）；内蒙古自然科学基金项目（2016MS0376，2017MS0377，2010MS0606)资助

The rate of warming is slowing and temperature is showing sharp changes in middle and high latitude regions

DAI Haiyan1,CHEN Gaowa2,WU Jianhua3,YANG Liping1,DU Wala1   

  1. (1. Inner Mongolia Ecology and Agricultural Meteorology Centre,Hohhot 010051,Inner Mongolia,China;  2. Hulun Buir Meteorological Bureau,Hulun Buir 021008,Inner Mongolia,China; 3. Chifeng Meteorological Bureau,Chifeng 024000,Inner Mongolia,China)
  • Received:2019-03-26 Revised:2019-07-05 Online:2020-03-26 Published:2020-04-21

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摘要： 利用我国中高纬度地区13个国家基准气候站近30 a日平均气温数据，分析中高纬度区域年冻融指数和冻融日数的变化趋势，结果表明：① 近30 a研究区融化指数（thawing index, TI）处于显著上升过程，冻结指数（freezing index, FI）呈微弱上升趋势。② 融化日数的上升和冻结日数下降趋势不显著。③ 日平均 TI 呈显著上升，日平均 FI 则微弱下降，小于-10 ℃的天数呈微弱上升趋势。冷暖季节日均气温有两极化发展趋势。④ 研究区大于10 ℃累计积温显著增加，小于-10 ℃累计积温呈下降趋势，冷暖在向两极发展的同时，过渡期日数显著缩短，冷暖急转现象尤为明显。⑤ TI各指标的波动明显小于FI，TI与纬度和海拔呈显著负相关，FI则与纬度和海拔呈正相关，海拔对TI的影响要大于FI，纬度和海拔越高，FI和冻结日数的变化越小，而对应的融化指标波动越大。整体来看，我国中高纬地区从20世纪90年代后存在增温减缓、冷暖季日均气温两极化及冷暖急转现象较为明显。

关键词: 冻结指数, 融化指数, 气候异常, 中高纬地区, 中国

Abstract: This work used daily temperature data spanning 30 years from 13 national benchmark climate stations in the midlatitude regions of China to assess the freezing/thawing index and trends in the number of freezing/thawing days.The results show that the thawing index shows a significantly increasing trend and the freezing index shows a slightly increasing trend.An upward trend in thawing days and downward trend in freezing days were insignificant.The daily average thawing index significantly increased,whereas the daily average freezing index slightly increased.The characteristics of cold and warm polarizations were obvious.The more than 10 ℃ accumulated temperature and days in study area showed a significantly increasing trend,the less than -10 ℃ accumulated temperature showed a downtrend,and the less than -10 ℃ accumulated temperature days on the rise trend,the transition between two periods significantly decreased.The fluctuation in the thawing index was clearly less than that of the freezing index.Moreover,the thawing index was negatively correlated with latitude and altitude,whereas the freezing index was positively correlated with latitude and altitude.The influence of altitude on the thawing index was greater than that of the freezing index.As the latitude and altitude increased,the change in freezing index and freezing days were observed to be more stable,and the corresponding melting index showed larger fluctuations.On the whole,the rate of warming has slowed in China’s mid and high latitudes since the 1990s,and the polarization of average daily temperature and the sharp change in temperature are obvious in both the cold and warm seasons.

Key words: freezing index, thawing index, climatic anomaly, midlatitude, China