埋藏对10种短命植物种子萌发特性的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2018.03.16

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 选择分布于准噶尔荒漠的10种短命植物,研究在野外埋藏条件下种子萌发特性及其与种子大小和形状的关系,探讨荒漠短命植物的种群更新对策及生态适应机制。结果表明:当年结实的短命植物种子萌发率和萌发速率较低,说明大部分种子存在休眠现象;埋藏9个月后短命植物的种子萌发情况表现出差异,可根据萌发格局将植物种分为3类:埋藏促进型(如旱麦草、庭荠、甘新念珠芥、小车前、柯尔车前、鳞果海罂粟)、埋藏抑制型(如弯果胡卢巴)和埋藏不变型(如角果毛茛、鸟头荠、播娘蒿);当年结实种子和沙埋种子的萌发率、萌发速率与种子大小无显著相关关系,而当年结实种子和沙埋种子萌发速率与种子形状呈正相关关系。总之,埋藏后短命植物种子萌发特性及休眠释放差异显著,是该物种长期适应沙漠环境形成异质的种群更新对策及生态适应机制。

关键词: 短命植物, 种子性状, 萌发速率, 更新策略, 埋藏, 准噶尔盆地, 新疆

Abstract: Seed germination of 10 ephemeral plant species under burial treatment and their relationship with seed mass and seed shape were tested.The aims were determined at the aspects of the population regeneration strategies and ecological mechanisms of the ephemeral plant species in the Junggar Desert.The results showed that the seed mass and seed shape were significantly different among the species.The germination percentages and rates of all the fresh matured seeds were very low,indicating that most fresh matured seeds of the ephemeral plant species had dormancy.The germination traits of the 10 ephemeral plant species under a 9-month burial treatment were significantly different.Based on their germination patterns,the plant species were divided into three types:improving type (Eremopyrum triticeum,Alyssum desertorum,Neotorularia korolkovii,Plantago minuta,Plantago cornuti and Glaucium squamigerom),inhibiting type (Trigonella arcuata) and constant type (Ceratocephalus orthoceras,Euclidium syriacum and Descurainia sophia).There were no significant correlations between the germination percentage and germination rate and the seed mass for the fresh matured seeds and burial treatment seeds,however,there were the positive correlations between the germination percentage and germination rate and the seed shape for the fresh matured seeds and burial treatment seeds.It could be concluded that the germination traits and dormancy release mechanisms differed among species,and the population regeneration strategies and ecological mechanisms of the species were vital under natural selection in desert.This conclusions are greatly useful for conserving and regenerating ephemeral plants under severe environment in desert.

Key words: ephemeral plant, seed shape, germination rate, population regeneration, burial, Junggar Basin, Xinjiang

张玲卫, 刘会良, 盛建东. 埋藏对10种短命植物种子萌发特性的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2018, 35(3): 633-639.

ZHANG Ling-wei, LIU Hui-liang, SHENG Jian-dong. Effect of Burial on Seed Germination Traits of 10 Ephemeral Plant Species[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2018, 35(3): 633-639.

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