干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2015, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (5): 934-940.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2015.05.15

• 植物地理 • 上一篇    下一篇

蒙古沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum)的地理分布与气候关系

刘娜1,2, 冯缨1, 管开云1, 范永庆3, 杨更强1,2   

  1. 1.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    2.中国科学院大学,北京 100049;
    3.新疆林业规划设计院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011
  • 收稿日期:2013-12-04 修回日期:2014-04-28 出版日期:2015-09-15 发布日期:2015-10-14
  • 作者简介:刘娜(1988-),女,硕士研究生,主要从事植物学研究. E-mail: 865513370@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目(41271069);中国科学院生命科学与生物技术局项目(CZBZX-1)

Relation between Geographic Distribution of Calligonum mongolicum and Climatic Factors

LIU Na1,2, FENG Ying1, GUAN Kai-yun1, FAN Yong-qing3, YANG Geng-qiang1,2   

  1. 1. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
    3. Xinjiang Institute of Forestry Planning and Design, Urumqi 830011, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2013-12-04 Revised:2014-04-28 Published:2015-09-15 Online:2015-10-14

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摘要： 在野外调查与查阅标本及植物志等文献资料的基础上,获取蒙古沙柺枣的地理分布区域;利用温暖指数(WI)、寒冷指数(CI)、湿润指数(HI)、年平均降水量(AP)、年平均日照时数(AS)、年平均风速(AW)及其他气候指标,通过主成分分析方法(PCA),分析蒙古沙拐枣的地理分布与气候因子的关系。结果表明:① 蒙古沙拐枣分布区的平均生物温度为6~13 ℃,温暖指数为41~143.8 ℃·月,寒冷指数为-31.2~-53.9 ℃·月,极端最高气温为47.7 ℃,极端最低气温为-41.6 ℃,年平均气温为2.2~14.4 ℃,年较差高达49.9 ℃,无霜期为80~225 d,日照时数为2 700~4 440 h,湿润指数为0.1~5.2 mm·(℃·月)-1,可能蒸散量为393.3~738.3 mm,年平均降水量差异性较大,为13.8~230 mm,年平均风速为1~4.8 m·s-1;蒙古沙拐枣分布区的气候条件为,高温、高日照时数、高年较差的温带或暖温带的干旱、半干旱气候。② 气候指标对蒙古沙拐枣地理分布作用依次为:高温因子>低温因子>日照因子>风速因子。

关键词: 蒙古沙拐枣(Calligonum mongolicum), 地理分布, 气候, 主成分分析

Abstract: Under the background of global climate change,much attention has been paid to the study of the relationship between vegetation and climate,climate restricts the geographical distribution of vegetation and vegetation types reflect the climate characteristics. The plants adapt to climate,at the same time,have feedbacks to the climate. On the basis of field investigation and checking floras and the specimens preserved in herbaria,the detailed geographic distribution data (including the distribution map) and botanical data of Calligonum mongolicum; were provided here. Then the relation between its geographic distribution and climate factors was analyzed with Kira’s warmth index and coldness index,Xu’s humidity index,annual mean precipitation,annual mean sunshine hours,annual mean wind speed and other climate indexes. The results showed that ① In the distribution area of Calligonum mongolicum,its average annual biological temperature was 6-13 ℃,warm index was 41-143.8 ℃·mon,cold index was -31.2--53.9 ℃·mon,the extreme high temperature was 47.7 ℃and the extreme low temperature was -41.6 ℃,average annual temperature was 2.2-14.4 ℃,annual temperature range was 49.9 ℃,frost-free period was 80-225 d,sunshine time were 2 700-4 440 h,humid index was 0.1-5.2 mm·(℃·mon)-1,potential evapotranspiration was 393.3-738.3 mm,average annual precipitation was 13.8-230 mm which had a bigger range,and its average annual wind speed was 1-4.8 m·s-1. Besides,Calligonum mongolicum; was a plant growing in temperate or warm temperate,arid and semi-arid areas with high temperature,long sunshine time and high annual range; ② Principal component analysis showed that relative effect of climate factors on the distribution of Calligonum mongolicum were,temperate factor>low temperate factor>sunshine factor > wind speed factor.

Key words: Calligonum mongolicum, geographic distribution, climate, principal component analysis (PCA)