干旱区农田排水系统演变的生态效应研究进展

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在干旱区流域绿洲形成与发展过程中,普遍存在土壤次生盐渍化和不断改进的盐渍化治理过程,这导致在绿洲下部与临近荒漠区广泛形成农田排水系统景观,但其产生的生态效应还不清楚,限制了全面认识人工绿洲生态系统的环境变化过程。利用航片和遥感影像数据,基于图论网络分析和景观连通性模型,分析农田排水系统形成与演变的过程与格局;采用缓冲区分析、空间地统计模型、GIS相关性分析和群落多样性测度等方法,研究农田排水系统演变对廊道效应、土壤性状、土地利用和物种多样性的影响;利用经过改进的生物地球化学模型,研究农田排水系统演变对区域碳、水循环的影响,探讨农田排水系统与陆地生态系统的相互作用机制。深化对干旱区人类活动的生态效应的认识,并丰富绿洲生态学的研究内容,对绿洲农业可持续发展具有重要科学意义。

关键词: 农田排水系统, 生态效应, 绿洲, 干旱区

Abstract: Soil salinization and its continual improvement during the formation and development of oasis drought about the farmland drainage system landscape in downstream of oasis and area nearby desert. However, the ecological benefits of farmland drainage system evolution were unclear, which limited the comprehensive understanding about the ecological processes of artificial oasis ecosystem. In this paper, the formation, evolution, process and development pattern of farmland drainage system in recent 50 years were analyzed using the aerial photos, Landsat MSS, TM/ETM and SPOT image data in the downstream of oasis based on the graph theory, network analysis and model for landscape connectivity. Effects of the evolution of farmland drainage system on the ecological corridor, soil properties, land use change and species diversity were studied based on the buffer analysis, spatial geostatistic model, GIS correlation analysis and community diversity measurement. Furthermore, the improved biogeochemical model was used to explore the effects of farmland drainage system evolution on the regional carbon cycle and water cycle as well as the interactional mechanism between the farmland drainage systems evolution and the terrestrial ecosystem. It is of an important scientific significance for achieving the oasis agricultural sustainable development to deeply understand the effects of human activities on ecological environment in arid area and enrich the content of oasis ecology research.

Key words: farmland drainage system, ecological benefits, oasis, arid area

冯异星, 罗格平, 许文强, 韩其飞, 王渊刚. 干旱区农田排水系统演变的生态效应研究进展[J]. 干旱区研究, 2013, 30(6): 1087-1093.

FENG Yi-xing, LUO Ge-ping, XU Wen-qiang, HAN Qi-fei, WANG Yuan-gang. Research Progresses of Ecological Effects of Farmland Drainage System Evolution in Arid Area[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2013, 30(6): 1087-1093.

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