基于移动式宇宙射线中子技术的区域尺度土壤墒情监测研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.05.04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

宇宙射线中子技术（Cosmic-Ray Neutron Technology，CRNT）是反演百米范围土壤墒情的新手段，在生态、农业、水文和气象领域应用前景广阔。该技术联合移动设备可实现土壤水分“升尺度”监测，更好地服务现代化大型农林牧场的生产活动。本研究基于移动式CRNT在宁夏灵武白芨滩国家级自然保护区开展区域尺度土壤墒情观测试验，选择14个大样地采集378份土样用于中子强度率定和土壤水分验证。研究区内根据测得的中子强度，经大气压强、空气湿度和入射中子强度校正后，最终率定中子强度N₀为375 cpm，验证结果表明CRNT土壤水分测量精度较高，其均方根误差（Root Mean Square Error，RMSE）=0.01 g·g^-1，CRNT适用于干旱区土壤墒情监测。在研究区内反演的土壤水分介于0~0.15 g·g^-1，将宇宙射线中子仪有效探测深度范围内的土壤水分转化为土壤水资源储量，该区域0~30 cm土壤水资源储量约27.1 mm，靠近水库湖泊或植被茂密区测得的土壤水分偏大。本研究能丰富区域土壤水资源评估手段，为干旱区陆地表层生态系统的科学研究提供技术参考。

关键词: 土壤水分, 宇宙射线中子技术, 中子强度, 移动观测, 白芨滩国家级自然保护区

Abstract:

Cosmic-ray neutron technology (CRNT) is a new method for soil moisture monitoring within at the hectometer scale, and has broad application prospects in ecology, agriculture, hydrology, and meteorology. This technology enables the “upscaling” of soil moisture measurements combined with mobile devices, providing better support for the production activities of modern large-scale agricultural, forestry, and pastoral enterprises. This study conducted the experiments of region-scale soil moisture measurements in the Baijitan National Nature Reserve in Lingwu, Ningxia, using a mobile CRNT. A total of 378 soil samples were collected from 14 large plots for neutron intensity calibration and soil moisture validation. After correcting for atmospheric pressure, air humidity, and incident neutron intensity based on the measured neutron intensity, the final calibrated neutron intensity N₀ was 375 cpm. The validation results indicated that CRNT has high measurement accuracy for soil moisture (RMSE=0.01 g·g^-1), the CRNT technology was suitable for soil moisture measurements in arid regions. The soil moisture inverted in the study area ranged from 0 to 0.15 g·g^-1. Within the effective detection depth of the CRNT, soil moisture was converted into soil water storage, which was approximately 27.1 mm in the 0-30 cm layer of the area. Higher soil moisture was measured in areas near reservoirs or areas with dense vegetation. This study can enrich the methods for assessing regional soil water resources and provide technical references for scientific research on terrestrial surface ecosystems in arid regions.

Key words: soil moisture, cosmic-ray neutron technology, neutron intensity, mobile observation, Baijitan National Nature Reserve

吴绍雄, 马登科, 陈昆, 计桂平, 何志斌. 基于移动式宇宙射线中子技术的区域尺度土壤墒情监测研究[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(5): 810-819.

WU Shaoxiong, MA Dengke, CHEN Kun, JI Guiping, HE Zhibin. Study on region-scale soil moisture measurements using mobile cosmic-ray neutron technology[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(5): 810-819.

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样地序号	经度	纬度	P /hPa	RH /(g·m^-3)	R_C /GV	I /cpm	${\rho }_{b}$ /(g·cm^-3)	N_raw /cpm	N /cpm	N₀ /cpm
1	106°26′E	38°01′N	882.98	5.61	9.61	219	1.50	800	328	381
2	106°27′E	37°58′N	875.53	5.18	9.67	221	1.50	876	337	386
3	106°26′E	37°57′N	877.12	6.92	9.67	221	1.51	876	343	388
4	106°25′E	37°58′N	883.02	9.28	9.67	218	1.51	736	309	353
5	106°24′E	37°58′N	883.02	8.94	9.67	219	1.54	844	353	389
6	106°26′E	37°59′N	881.06	8.26	9.64	219	1.52	784	322	365
7	106°26′E	37°58′N	880.91	8.20	9.66	219	1.51	802	328	369
8	106°29′E	38°03′N	877.82	8.01	9.61	219	1.53	848	339	377
9	106°29′E	37°59′N	876.64	9.89	9.66	219	1.51	768	308	373
10	106°32′E	38°02′N	866.75	9.03	9.64	219	1.45	816	302	373
11	106°33′E	38°03′N	864.92	9.08	9.61	219	1.50	880	322	369
12	106°24′E	38°01′N	881.44	9.12	9.64	219	1.53	816	337	371
13	106°29′E	38°01′N	875.44	8.85	9.63	220	1.51	854	336	378
14	106°28′E	37°55′N	868.69	9.01	9.70	220	1.47	858	321	382
平均值	106°28′E	37°59′N	876.81	8.24	9.65	219	1.51	826	327	375