腾格里沙漠东北缘飞播30 a人工林土壤养分特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.04.06

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 637-645.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.04.06

腾格里沙漠东北缘飞播30 a人工林土壤养分特征

樊昊¹(), 唐国栋²^,³, 赵振宇²^,³, 李锦荣²^,³, 邓春涛¹, 王海兵¹

1.内蒙古农业大学沙漠治理学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010020
2.中国水利水电科学研究院，内蒙古阴山北麓草原生态水文国家野外科学观测研究站，北京 100038
3.水利部牧区水利科学研究所，内蒙古呼和浩特 010020

收稿日期:2024-08-17 修回日期:2025-02-24 出版日期:2025-04-15 发布日期:2025-04-10
通讯作者: 王海兵. E-mail: hb-wang@imau.edu.cn
作者简介:樊昊（2000-），男，硕士研究生，主要从事水土保持与荒漠化防治方向的研究. E-mail: 13734710136@163.com
基金资助:
内蒙古自治区科技计划项目“黄河流域腾格里沙漠飞播造林区水资源高效利用新业态技术研究”(2022YFHH0096);阿拉善左旗2020年飞播造林科技支撑项目(MK0199B012021)

Soil nutrient characteristics of 30-year aerial seeding plantations in the northeastern margin of Tengger Desert

FAN Hao¹(), TANG Guodong²^,³, ZHAO Zhenyu²^,³, LI Jinrong²^,³, DENG Chuntao¹, WANG Haibing¹

1. College of Desert Management, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China
2. China Academy of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Grassland Geohydrology in the North Foot of Yinshan Mountain, Inner Mongolia, Beijing 100038
3. Institute of Pastoral Water Conservancy Science, Ministry of Water Resources, Hohhot 010020, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2024-08-17 Revised:2025-02-24 Published:2025-04-15 Online:2025-04-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确腾格里沙漠东北缘1992年飞播造林区植被恢复对土壤养分累积效应的影响。本文以飞播区形成的沙拐枣群落和混合群落（花棒+沙拐枣）为研究对象，分析土壤养分变化规律及累积效应。结果表明：（1）植被恢复显著提升飞播区土壤养分含量，沙拐枣群落与混合群落的土壤有机质（SOM）、全氮（TN）、全磷（TP）、全钾（TK）分别增加60%~105%、123%~161%、129%~149%、145%~261%，其中沙拐枣群落增幅显著高于混合群落及裸沙样地（CK）（P<0.05）。养分垂向分布呈表聚效应，0~10 cm土层含量显著高于150~200 cm土层。（2）两种群落对0~200 cm土层养分累积均呈正向效应，且随深度增加效应减弱（P<0.05）；沙拐枣群落的正效应均值（0.39）显著高于混合群落（0.29）。（3）沙拐枣群落与混合群落的土壤养分恢复指数分别为62.19%和51.63%。研究表明腾格里沙漠东北缘飞播造林30 a后，土壤养分显著改善，沙拐枣群落对养分累积的促进作用稍优于混合群落，可为干旱区人工固沙植被恢复及稳定维持提供理论依据。

关键词: 飞播造林, 植被恢复, 相对相互作用强度, 养分累积, 腾格里沙漠

Abstract:

This study investigated the effect of vegetation restoration on soil nutrient accumulation in 1992 in the northeastern margin of the Tengger Desert. To provide a theoretical basis for vegetation construction in arid areas, this study analyzed the changes and cumulative effects of soil nutrients in the Calligonum mongolicum community and the mixed community (Hedysarum scoparium+C. mongolicum) in the aerial seeding area. (1) Vegetation restoration significantly increased the soil nutrient content in the aerial seeding area. Soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total potassium in the soil of the C. mongolicum community and the mixed community increased by 60%-105%, 123%-161%, 129%-149%, and 145%-261%, respectively. The increase in the C. mongolicum community was significantly higher than that in the mixed community and the bare sand control (P< 0.05). The vertical distribution of nutrients revealed a surface accumulation effect; the content of the soil layer 0-10 cm from the surface was significantly higher than that of the soil layer 150-200 cm from the surface. (2) The two communities had a positive effect on nutrient accumulation in the soil layer 0-200 cm from the surface, and the effect decreased with increasing depth (P<0.05). The mean positive effect of the C. monogolicum community (0.39) was significantly higher than that of the mixed community (0.29). (3) The soil nutrient recovery indexes of the C. mongolicum and mixed communities were 62.19% and 51.63%, respectively. The results demonstrated that soil nutrients were significantly improved after 30 years of aerial seeding afforestation in the northeastern margin of the Tengger Desert. The C. mongolicum community promoted nutrient accumulation slightly better than did the mixed community, supporting the stable maintenance of artificial sand-fixing vegetation in arid areas.

Key words: aerial seeding afforestation, vegetation restoration, relative interaction strength, nutrient accumulation, Tengger Desert

樊昊, 唐国栋, 赵振宇, 李锦荣, 邓春涛, 王海兵. 腾格里沙漠东北缘飞播30 a人工林土壤养分特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(4): 637-645.

FAN Hao, TANG Guodong, ZHAO Zhenyu, LI Jinrong, DENG Chuntao, WANG Haibing. Soil nutrient characteristics of 30-year aerial seeding plantations in the northeastern margin of Tengger Desert[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(4): 637-645.

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样地	群落组成	地理位置	植物群落特征
样地	群落组成	地理位置	高度/cm	冠幅/cm	基径/cm	盖度/%	草本植物组成	草本盖度/%
Ⅰ	沙拐枣	104.92601°E， 39.24924°N	79±24	93±7	1.2±0.4	19±2	蒙古韭	2±1
Ⅱ	混合群落（花棒+沙拐枣）	104.92972°E， 39.21961°N	105±28	111±30	1.4±0.8	27±2	针茅、雾冰藜	2±1

植物类型	土层深度/cm	SOM	TN	TP	TK	平均值	总平均值
沙拐枣	0~10	63.93%	80.34%	71.59%	72.06%	71.98%	62.19%
	10~20	56.19%	79.10%	69.88%	73.92%	69.77%
	20~30	53.78%	76.00%	55.66%	72.54%	64.49%
	30~60	50.04%	75.49%	50.83%	73.90%	62.57%
	60~100	48.18%	54.42%	60.02%	71.66%	58.57%
	100~150	45.54%	53.85%	53.74%	71.24%	56.09%
	150~200	44.95%	41.18%	50.24%	70.99%	51.84%

植物类型	土层深度/cm	SOM	TN	TP	TK	平均值	总平均值
混合群落（花棒+沙拐枣）	0~10	52.56%	69.22%	69.89%	58.31%	62.50%	51.63%
	10~20	47.22%	64.56%	62.40%	60.92%	58.78%
	20~30	40.45%	61.14%	61.67%	59.66%	55.73%
	30~60	36.51%	58.27%	49.21%	60.17%	51.04%
	60~100	32.91%	57.85%	47.51%	57.61%	48.97%
	100~150	30.75%	44.44%	52.20%	57.34%	46.18%
	150~200	29.77%	18.03%	43.88%	61.30%	38.24%

腾格里沙漠东北缘飞播30 a人工林土壤养分特征

Soil nutrient characteristics of 30-year aerial seeding plantations in the northeastern margin of Tengger Desert

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