基于人工降雨灌木纯林及柳湾林降雨再分配差异

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.09

干旱区研究 ›› 2025, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (3): 489-498.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2025.03.09 cstr: 32277.14.AZR.20250309

基于人工降雨灌木纯林及柳湾林降雨再分配差异

张钧尧¹(), 韩青池², 阿拉腾苏和³, 王海超¹, 陈丛宇¹, 李恒凯¹, 王伟龙¹, 王鑫平¹, 裴志永¹()

1.内蒙古农业大学能源与交通工程学院，内蒙古呼和浩特 010018
2.东北林业大学机电工程学院，黑龙江哈尔滨 150000
3.鄂托克旗林业和草原工作站，内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017000

收稿日期:2024-09-10 修回日期:2024-10-28 出版日期:2025-03-15 发布日期:2025-03-17
通讯作者: 裴志永. E-mail: peizhiyong@imau.edu.cn
作者简介:张钧尧（1997-），男，博士研究生，主要从事森林资源开发与利用研究. E-mail: 13163177017@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(52069018);国家自然科学基金(32301665);内蒙古农业大学青年教师科研能力提升专项资助(BR230122)

Differences in rainfall redistribution between pure shrub forests and willow bay based on artificial rainfall

ZHANG Junyao¹(), HAN Qingchi², Alatengsuhe ³, WANG Haichao¹, CHEN Congyu¹, LI Hengkai¹, WANG Weilong¹, WANG Xinping¹, PEI Zhiyong¹()

1. Energy and Transportation Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
2. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150000, Heilongjiang, China
3. Otog Banner Forestry and Grassland Workstation, Ordos 017000, Inner Mongolia, China

Received:2024-09-10 Revised:2024-10-28 Published:2025-03-15 Online:2025-03-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 毛乌素沙地天然灌木混交林又称柳湾林，是沙区特有的灌木群落类型。当前针对柳湾林群落与纯林群落关于降水的研究较为缺乏，对揭示柳湾林群落与纯林群落水分竞争差异带来困难。本研究以沙柳、沙棘纯林和柳湾林为研究对象，采用人工降雨模拟，同步监测不同林分降雨再分配过程，定量分析降雨特性与降雨再分配的关系。结果表明：沙柳、沙棘纯林和柳湾林有效降雨量为18.58 mm、21.14 mm和20.25 mm，约占总降雨量的85.46%、97.24%和93.15%。冠层截留损失量为3.15 mm、0.60 mm和1.49 mm，约占总降雨量的15.69%、3.60%和7.31%；三种林分穿透雨空间分布特征具有显著差异，柳湾林穿透雨空间分布“雨极”“旱极”和“中间极”分界均匀，沙柳、沙棘纯林穿透雨空间分布较为统一；三种林分降雨再分配过程均随降雨量的增加而增大，但因其冠层截留能力逐渐饱和，其变化也趋于稳定。柳湾林结合沙柳和沙棘形态结构的特点，在复杂多变的环境下，能更好地维持稳定，为柳湾林群落生态平衡和稳定提供保障。

关键词: 柳湾林, 灌木纯林, 降雨再分配, 人工模拟降雨, 毛乌素沙地

Abstract:

The natural mixed shrub forest in the Mu Us Sandy Land, also known as Willow Bay, is a unique type of shrub community in sandy regions. However, to date there has been limited research on precipitation dynamics in Willow Bay communities compared with that in pure forest stands, making it challenging to reveal differences in water competition between the two. This study focused on Salix psammophila and Hippophae rhamnoides pure forests as well as Willow Bay. Using artificial rainfall simulations, we simultaneously monitored the processes of rainfall redistribution in different forest stands and quantitatively analyzed the relationships between rainfall characteristics and redistribution. The results showed that the effective rainfall for S. psammophila, H. rhamnoides, and Willow Bay was 18.58 mm, 21.14 mm and 20.25 mm, accounting for approximately 85.46%, 97.24%, and 93.15% of the total+rainfall, respectively. Canopy interception losses were 3.15 mm, 0.60 mm and 1.49 mm, accounting for approximately 15.69%, 3.60% and 7.31% of the total rainfall, respectively. Significant differences were observed in the spatial distribution of throughfare among the three forest types. In Willow Bay, the spatial distribution of throughfare was more evenly divided into “rain extreme,” “drought extreme,” and “intermediate zones,” whereas the distributions in S. psammophila and H. rhamnoides pure forests were more uniform. The rainfall redistribution processes in all three forest types increased with greater rainfall amounts, but the changes tended to stabilize as the canopy interception capacity approached saturation. By combining the morphological and structural characteristics of S. psammophila and H. rhamnoides, Willow Bay demonstrated better stability under complex and variable environmental conditions, ensuring ecological balance and stability within the Willow Bay community.

Key words: willow bay, pure shrub forest, rainfall redistribution, simulated rainfall, Mu Us Sandy Land

张钧尧, 韩青池, 阿拉腾苏和, 王海超, 陈丛宇, 李恒凯, 王伟龙, 王鑫平, 裴志永. 基于人工降雨灌木纯林及柳湾林降雨再分配差异[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(3): 489-498.

ZHANG Junyao, HAN Qingchi, Alatengsuhe , WANG Haichao, CHEN Congyu, LI Hengkai, WANG Weilong, WANG Xinping, PEI Zhiyong. Differences in rainfall redistribution between pure shrub forests and willow bay based on artificial rainfall[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(3): 489-498.

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树种	林龄	株高/m	冠幅/m	冠层投影面积/m²	基径/cm
沙柳1	3 a	1.51	0.76×0.89	0.68	0.78
沙柳2	3 a	1.56	0.85×0.87	0.74	0.90
沙柳3	3 a	1.04	0.86×0.90	0.77	0.90
沙棘1	4 a	1.45	0.76×0.72	0.55	3.10
沙棘2	4 a	1.31	0.73×0.78	0.57	2.20
沙棘3	4 a	1.52	0.61×0.72	0.43	2.70

林分	有效降雨量/mm	有效降雨量占比/%	穿透雨量/mm	穿透雨量占比/%	树干茎流量/mm	树干茎流量占比/%
沙柳纯林	18.58	85.46	16.91	91.01	1.67	8.99
沙棘纯林	21.14	97.24	19.48	92.15	1.66	7.85
柳湾林	20.25	93.15	18.15	89.63	2.10	10.37

基于人工降雨灌木纯林及柳湾林降雨再分配差异

Differences in rainfall redistribution between pure shrub forests and willow bay based on artificial rainfall

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