干旱区研究

干旱区研究 ›› 2018, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 821-829.doi: 10.13866/j.azr.2018.04.09

• 气候及气候资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆和田吉亚乡新开垦地防护林小气候空间差异

毛东雷1,2,3, 蔡富艳4, 赵枫1, 雷加强2,3, 来风兵1, 薛杰2,3   

  1. 1.新疆师范大学地理科学与旅游学院,新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源重点实验室, 新疆 乌鲁木齐 830054;
    2.中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    3.新疆策勒荒漠草地生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站,新疆 策勒 848300;
    4.乌鲁木齐职业大学应用工程学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830002
  • 收稿日期:2017-05-24 修回日期:2017-12-13 出版日期:2018-07-15 发布日期:2025-11-18
  • 通讯作者: 赵枫. E-mail: zhaf.2008@sina.com
  • 作者简介:毛东雷(1975-),男,副教授,博士,主要研究方向为风沙气象及荒漠化防治. E-mail: donglei6325@sina.com
  • 基金资助:
    新疆维吾尔自治区重点实验室“新疆干旱区湖泊环境与资源实验室”基金项目(XJDX0909-2013-04);新疆维吾尔自治区高校科研计划项目(XJEDU2016I035);新疆师范大学博士科研启动基金项目(XJNUBS1527);国家自然科学基金项目(41601595, 41661002, 41561051)

Spatial Difference of Microclimate in Shelterbelts in Newly Reclaimed Land in Jiya Township in Hotan, Xinjiang

MAO Dong-lei1,2,3, CAI Fu-yan4, ZHAO Feng2,3, LEI Jia-qiang2,3, LAI Feng-bing1, XUE Jie2,3   

  1. 1. College of Geographic Science and Tourism,Xinjiang Normal University,Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Zone,Urumqi 830054,Xinjiang,China;
    2. Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,Xinjiang,China;
    3. Qira National Station of Observation and Research for Desert-grassland Ecosystem in Xinjiang,Qira 848300,Xinjiang,China;
    4. College of Application Engineering,Urumqi Vocational University,Urumqi 830002,Xinjiang,China
  • Received:2017-05-24 Revised:2017-12-13 Published:2018-07-15 Online:2025-11-18

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摘要： 2011年6月13日至8月3日通过对吉亚乡新开垦地防护林内外4种立地类型下的风速、温度、大气相对湿度(RH)、太阳辐射能和光合有效辐射(PAR)的日变化差异分析,比较了晴天和扬沙天气对4个下垫面不同气象要素的影响差异,运用野外观测、相关统计等方法,对其小气候要素空间差异进行了对比分析。结果表明:与流沙地相比,杨树林、沙拐枣林和柽柳林内1 m高处的日平均风速减小了76.43%、95.85%和78.74%;在0.5 m高处,分别下降了78.07%、97.80%和93.82%。新疆杨、沙拐枣和柽柳防护林植被覆盖度分别为12%、80%和40%,说明植被的覆盖率越高,防风阻沙效益越好,越接近地表,风速越小。与流沙地相比较,杨树林、沙拐枣林和柽柳林内的气温分别下降了0.93 ℃、1.31 ℃和0.82 ℃,RH分别增加了18.96%、23.34%和14.78%,说明夏季植被具有降温增湿作用。太阳辐射能和光合有效辐射的变化趋势大致相同,日平均太阳辐射能在流沙地表现为最大,日平均PAR值在沙拐枣林内表现为最大,在杨树林中的值都表现为最小。晴天和扬沙天气下的气温趋势大致相同。晴天上午大气相对湿度变化大,扬沙天气下从日出开始,大气相对湿度逐渐减小。在夏季,对防护林的树种、高度、植物的盖度、疏透度和防护林前后观测距离不同,均会引起新开垦地防护林小气候的空间差异。

关键词: 小气候, 空间差异, 温度, 大气相对湿度, 防护林, 吉亚乡, 新疆

Abstract: The purposes of this study were to analyze the spatiotemporal differences of daily wind velocity,air temperature,relative humidity,solar radiation and photosynthetically active radiation in four site types in and out of the shelterbelts in newly reclaimed land in Jiya Township from 13 July to 3 August,2011.Moreover,the differences of daily meteorological factors in four landscape types on a fine day and during a sand-blowing weather were compared.Based on the field observation,the correlation statistical method was used to analyze the spatial differences of microclimatic factors.The results showed that the daily wind velocities at the height of 1 m in the shelterbelts of Populus alba,Calligonum mongolicum and Tamarix ramosissima were reduced by 76.43%,95.85% and 78.74% respectively than that over a sand-shifting land.The wind velocities at the height of 0.5 m were reduced by 78.07%,97.80% and 93.82% respectively than that over sand-shifting land.The vegetation coverages of shelterbelts of P.alba,C.mongolicum and T.ramosissima were 12%,80% and 40% respectively,which revealed that the effects of wind prevention would be better with the increase of vegetation coverage.The wind speed was lower near ground surface.The daily air temperatures in the shelterbelts of P.alba,C.mongolicum and T.ramosissima were decreased by 0.93 ℃,1.31 ℃ and 0.82 ℃ respectively than that over sand-shifting land,and the daily relative humidities were increased by 18.96%,23.34% and 14.78% respectively compared with that over sand-shifting land,which showed that the air temperature could be decreased but the air humidity increased by plants.The change trends of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and solar radiation were roughly the same,the maximum value of daily solar radiation occurred over sand-shifting land,and that of daily PAR in C.mongolicum shelterbelt,and both the lowest daily values in the P.alba shelterbelt.The change trends of air temperature on a fine day and during a sand-blowing weather were roughly the same.The variation of relative humidity was significant in the forenoon on fine day,and the relative humidity decreased gradually from sunrise during a sand-blowing weather.In summer,the spatial difference of microclimate in newly reclaimed land was affected by tree species,plant height,vegetation coverage,porosity and distances from shelterbelts.

Key words: microclimate, spatial difference, air temperature, relative humidity, shelterbelt, Jiya Township, Xinjiang