1951—2012年科尔沁沙地气温、降水变化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2016.01.05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 科尔沁沙地是中国沙漠化典型区域,生态与环境问题突出,研究其驱动力之一的气候变化特征十分必要。利用1951—2012年62 a气温和降水资料,对科尔沁沙地空间和区域平均气温、降水变化特征进行了分析。结果表明:空间多年平均气温以开鲁、通辽为中心向东西方向递减,自北向南逐渐升高,且各站点均呈显著增加趋势;空间多年平均降水量以开鲁、阿鲁科尔沁旗为中心向四周逐渐增加,除库伦站降水量显著减少外,各站点降水量变化均不显著。区域平均气温上升速率为〔0.319 ℃·(10a)^-1〕,区域平均最高气温的上升速率〔0.223 ℃·(10a)^-1〕低于区域平均最低气温〔0.525 ℃·(10a)^-1〕,春季气温增幅最大,冬季次之。最低气温的升高可能是导致总体气温上升的主要动力之一。区域平均降水量年际间波动较大,但总体无明显变化趋势;各季节区域平均降水量均无显著变化。年区域平均降水量与年区域平均气温、夏季区域平均降水量与夏季区域平均气温呈显著负相关,整体呈阶段性对称变化。

关键词: 气温, 降水, 气候倾向率, 空间变化, 科尔沁沙地

Abstract: Horqin sandy land is the typical desertification area in China,ecological environment issue is particularly prominent. It is necessary to research one of the desertification driving forces. Based on air temperature and precipitation data from 1951 to 2012,we analyzed the area mean temperature and precipitation,and the relationship with temperature and precipitation in Horqin sandy land. The results showed that from 1951 to 2012, the space annual average temperature centered Kailu,Tongliao decreasing progressively toward east and west,rising little by little from north to south and there are obvious increasing tendency in every stations; Space average annual precipitation centered Kailu,AR Khorchin Banner increasing to around gradually,except Kulun station's precipitation reducing significantly,annual area mean precipitation change was not significant in every sites. The annual area mean temperature in this area increased by 0.319 ℃·(10a)^-1,the increasing rate of area mean maximum temperature〔0.223 ℃·(10a)^-1〕 is lower than the area mean minimum temperature〔0.525 ℃·(10a)^-1〕,the greatest increasing in spring and lowest in winter. The mean minimum temperature rise may be one of the desertification driving force lead to rise in overall area temperatures. Each season's area mean precipitation has no obvious change trend. It is showed a significant negative correlation between annual area mean precipitation and annual area mean temperature,between area mean precipitation and area mean temperature in summer,in general,which has a periodic symmetry change.

Key words: temperature, precipitation, climate tendency rate, spatial variation, Horqin sandy land

王静茹, 马龙, 刘廷玺. 1951—2012年科尔沁沙地气温、降水变化特征[J]. 干旱区研究, 2016, 33(1): 49-58.

WANG Jing-ru, MA Long, LIU Ting-xi. Variation of Temperature and Precipitation in Horqin Sandy Land from 1951 to 2012[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2016, 33(1): 49-58.

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