关键词: 黑风暴, 静止气象卫星, 极轨气象卫星, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract: Taklimakan desert is the major sandstorm source area of west China.Ground observation sites in Xinjiang are sparse,especially conventional stations dust elements monitoring in less,therefore the monitoring data such as dust weather change,development,transfer and its strength properties data are extremely short,there exists technical problems to evaluate the sand and dust weather quantitatively.In terms of time and space,there is a great deal of potential advantages to monitor dust weather process using satellite remote sensing technology.Based on data ofFY-2C and FY-2D Geostationary Meteorological Satellite with FY-3A/VIRR polar-orbiting satellite,the source,movement,enhancement and spread evolution of two black storm types as“cold air eastern injection” and “cold air crossover”were monitored dynamicallyin the Taklimakan Desert,then the identification threshold of black storm which quoted by the IDDL products of National Satellite Meteorological Center was verified and confirmed.It showed that,the identification way which took preliminary identification for large-scale dust by use of the characteristics of FY-3A/VIRR high spatial resolution firstly,and then monitored the dust dynamically applied by the FY-2 high temporal resolution data was feasible.Furthermore,the above-mentioned method can determined the area of sandstorm occurrence,development and influences quickly and accurately,quantification of dust identification can be achieved,and the lack of conventional weather data in the desert was compensated by the high-degree precision data.

Key words: black storm, geostationary meteorological satellite, polar orbit meteorological satellite, Taklimakan Desert