新疆和田河对两侧风沙地貌空间格局的影响

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.02.13

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

风水交互作用对风沙地貌的形态和空间分布格局具有十分重要的塑造作用，如何量化河流对风沙地貌的影响一直是风沙地貌研究的难点。选取塔克拉玛干沙漠的和田河流域及其两侧风沙地貌作为研究对象，基于高分辨率遥感影像、DEM和NDVI数据，通过典型横断面相关特征参数对比、风沙地貌格局和河道形态参数的变化分析等方面的研究。结果表明：（1）在和田河与风沙地貌交汇区，NDVI值0.05可作为判别河流对风沙地貌格局影响的临界值，据此确定了和田河对风沙地貌的影响范围，面积约为20700 km²，宽度介于6~121 km。（2）和田河的河道形态变化较小，难以引起河道长距离的侧向迁移，对两侧风沙地貌的影响区域不会发生显著变化；风水交互作用过程中河流起主导作用，其中南段属于完全由河流主导型、北段属于主要由河流主导型。（3）可识别的风沙地貌分布格局为：从河道向两侧依次为灌丛沙丘、线形沙丘、横向沙垄和格状沙丘，这一格局是长期风水交互作用的结果。研究结果对于理解类似地区河流对风沙地貌格局的影响具有借鉴意义。

关键词: 和田河, 风沙地貌格局, 沙丘类型, 风水交互作用, 塔克拉玛干沙漠

Abstract:

The interaction between wind and water is key in shaping the morphology and spatial distribution of eolian landforms. Quantifying the influence of rivers on eolian landforms has always been challenging. This work selected the Hotan River, which crosses the Taklamakan Desert and the surrounding eolian landforms, as the research object. Based on high-resolution remote-sensing images, DEM and NDVI data, comparing relevant characteristic parameters of typical cross-sections, and analyzing the pattern of eolian landforms and the changes in river channel morphological parameters, the following results were obtained. (1) In the intersection area of the Hotan River and eolian landforms, NDVI=0.05 can be used as a critical value to distinguish the influence of rivers on the pattern of eolian landforms. Consequently, the spatial distribution of the area affected by the Hotan River on eolian landforms is revealed: its area is 20700 km² and its width ranges from 6 to 121 km. (2) The channel morphology of the Hotan River changes little, making it difficult to cause long-distance lateral migration of the river channel; the impact area on the surrounding eolian landforms will not change significantly. In the process of the interaction between wind and water, the Hotan River plays a leading role. Moreover, the southern section belongs to the fully fluvial dominant type, while the northern section belongs to the mostly fluvial dominant type. (3) The distribution pattern of eolian landforms that can be recognized as sabkhas, longitudinal dunes, transverse ridges, and reticulate dunes in sequence from the river channel to both sides results from long-term interactions between wind and water.

Key words: Hotan River, aeolian landform pattern, dune type, interaction between wind and water, Taklamakan Desert

王旭旻, 高鑫, 胡子豪, 周杰. 新疆和田河对两侧风沙地貌空间格局的影响[J]. 干旱区研究, 2025, 42(2): 333-348.

WANG Xumin, GAO Xin, HU Zihao, ZHOU Jie. Effect of the Hotan River on the spatial pattern of surrounding eolian landforms in Xinjiang[J]. Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(2): 333-348.

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位置	站点	最大风速/(m·s^-1)	平均风速/(m·s^-1)	盛行风向代号	盛行风向/(°)	盛行风向频率/%
北部	阿克苏	18.5	1.7	2	11.25~33.75	10
	阿拉尔	13.1	1.4	3	33.75~56.25	13
东部	策勒	10.0	1.3	13	258.75~281.25	12
	于田	14.0	1.2	13	258.75~281.25	8
	民丰	16.0	1.6	3	33.75~56.25	12
	塔中	20.0	2.2	4	56.25~78.75	13
南部	墨玉	11.7	1.3	15	303.75~326.25	7
	和田	15.0	2.0	11	213.75~236.25	11
	洛浦	13.6	1.7	13	258.75~281.25	10
西部	麦盖提	12.5	1.3	3	33.75~56.25	8
	莎车	12.0	1.3	15	303.75~326.25	10
	皮山	13.5	1.5	15	303.75~326.25	10

河流	河段	河道弯曲度		弯曲度变化率/%	河道比降/‰		比降变化率/%
河流	河段	2013年	2022年	弯曲度变化率/%	2013年	2022年	比降变化率/%
喀拉喀什河	C1~C2	1.117	1.126	0.81	1.234	1.223	-0.89
	C2~C3	1.177	1.188	0.93	0.721	0.715	-0.83
	C3~C4	1.283	1.279	-0.31	0.699	0.701	0.29
玉龙喀什河	C1~C2	1.133	1.121	-1.06	2.664	2.694	1.13
	C2~C3	1.125	1.140	1.33	0.769	0.759	-1.30
	C3~C4	1.377	1.354	-1.67	0.619	0.630	1.78
和田河	C4~C5	1.100	1.129	2.64	0.581	0.567	-2.41
	C5~C6	1.090	1.151	5.60	0.639	0.605	-5.32
	C6~C7	1.162	1.169	0.60	0.605	0.602	-0.50
	C7~C8	1.054	1.049	-0.47	0.640	0.643	0.47
	C8~C9	1.061	1.065	0.38	0.594	0.592	-0.34
	C9~C10	1.037	1.034	-0.29	0.639	0.640	0.16
	C10~C11	1.167	1.147	-1.71	0.600	0.610	1.67