岱海盆地地下水化学特征及成因

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2021.06.06

Abstract

Abstract:

The Daihai area is shrinking daily and water quality is deteriorating, which is adversely impacting regional ecological environment security. This study examined the characteristics and origin of groundwater in the Daihai basin using hydrogeological surveys, water sample collection, statistical analysis, Shukarev classification, ion proportion coefficients, and mineral saturation indices. The results show (1) Daihai lake is slightly salty alkaline. (2) Groundwater in the Daihai basin is weakly alkaline and the hydrochemical profile is mainly HCO₃-Ca·Mg water. From the edge of the basin to Daihai, the hydrochemical profile transitions from HCO₃-Ca to Cl-Na, which controls the action of hydrochemical component transition from leaching to evaporation and concentration. (3) The hydrochemistry of groundwater is mainly controlled by leaching, ion exchange, desulfurization acid, and human action, among which the dissolution and precipitation of carbonate minerals, silicate minerals, gypsum, and rock salt largely influence the chemical composition of groundwater. (4) Finally, NO₃^--N content was influenced by human activity, such as nitrogen fertilizers and human and animal manure discharge. Combined, these groundwater characteristics can significantly affect the vertical distribution of NO₃^--N concentrations.

Key words: groundwater, hydrochemical characteristics, water-rock interaction, Daihai basin

ZHANG Wenqi,DONG Shaogang,MA Mingyan,ZHAO Zhen,CHEN Yue. Chemical characteristics and origin of groundwater in the Daihai basin[J].Arid Zone Research, 2021, 38(6): 1546-1555.

Figures/Tables 9

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指标		K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	NO₃^--N	TDS	pH
岱海湖水	平均值	6.6	4060.0	24.0	265.2	6541.1	144.0	1281.2	-	11683.1	9.1
	最大值	6.7	4086.0	24.6	269.1	6578.0	148.0	1284.2	-	11744.4	9.2
	最小值	6.5	4032.0	23.2	259.1	6501.4	139.0	1275.5	-	11603.0	9.0
	标准差	0.1	27.1	0.7	5.4	38.4	4.6	5.0	-	72.6	0.1
潜水	平均值	1.0	32.9	66.2	24.5	39.6	38.7	265.5	32.3	386.0	7.8
	最大值	2.0	117.9	140.3	63.2	159.5	144.0	347.7	157.5	779.5	8.1
	最小值	0.4	12.4	40.1	7.3	10.6	-	183.0	7.01	215.7	7.6
	标准差	0.5	29.2	24.3	14.0	46.6	35.9	41.0	40.8	158.2	0.1
	变异系数	0.5	0.9	0.4	0.6	1.2	0.9	0.2	1.3	0.4	0.0
承压水	平均值	1.1	51.5	54.8	20.5	42.4	40.1	277.0	16.1	383.7	8.0
	最大值	3.5	290.0	70.1	40.1	241.1	153.6	488.1	52.1	935.8	8.2
	最小值	0.4	12.9	14.0	9.7	14.2	-	213.5	-	243.8	7.6
	标准差	0.7	78.4	12.9	8.2	57.5	38.3	75.8	13.1	198.8	0.2
	变异系数	0.6	1.5	0.2	0.4	1.4	1.0	0.3	0.8	0.5	0.0

	类型	个数	采样点
潜水	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	9	DQ-02、DQ-04、DQ-05、DQ-06、DQ-08、DQ-11、DQ-12、DQ-13、DQ-14
	HCO₃-Ca	4	DQ-01、DQ-03、DQ-16、DQ-17
	HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Na	1	DQ-07
	HCO₃·Cl-Ca·Mg	1	DQ-09
	HCO₃·SO₄-Mg·Ca	1	DQ-10
	HCO₃-Na·Ca	1	DQ-15
承压水	HCO₃-Ca·Mg	10	DS-01、DS-02、DS-03、DS-04、DS-09、DS-12、DS-13、DS-14、DS-15、DS-17
	HCO₃-Ca·Na	3	DS-07、DS-10、DS-11
	HCO₃-Ca	2	DS-05、DS-06
	HCO₃·Cl-Na	2	DS-08、DS-16

矿物	饱和指数范围	溶解沉淀方程
生石膏	-3.24~-1.86	CaSO₄=Ca²⁺+SO₄^2-
霰石	0.11~0.83	CaCO₃=Ca²⁺+CO₃^2-
方解石	0.26~0.97	CaCO₃=Ca²⁺+CO₃^2-
白云石	0.24~2.10	CaMg(CO₃)₂=Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺+2CO₃^2-
石膏	-3.02~-1.64	CaSO₄·2H₂O=Ca²⁺+SO₄^2-+2H₂O
温石棉	-4.24~-0.16	Mg₃Si₂O₅(OH)₄+6H⁺=H₂O+2H₄SiO₄+3Mg²⁺
海泡石	-3.02~0.20	Mg₂Si₃O_7.5OH·3H₂O+4H⁺+0.5H₂O=2Mg²⁺+3H₄SiO₄
滑石	-0.51~4.14	Mg₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)₂+4H₂O+6H⁺=3Mg²⁺+4H₄SiO₄
岩盐	-8.45~-5.89	NaCl=Na⁺+Cl^-

	K⁺	Na⁺	Ca²⁺	Mg²⁺	Cl^-	SO₄^2-	HCO₃^-	NO₃^-	SiO₂	TDS	pH
K⁺	1
Na⁺	0.783^**	1
Ca²⁺	-0.174	-0.174	1
Mg²⁺	0.206	0.051	0.409^*	1
Cl^-	0.595^**	0.764^**	0.380^*	0.470^**	1
SO₄^2-	0.734^**	0.706^**	-0.146	0.292	0.483^**	1
HCO₃^-	0.586^**	0.871^**	-0.050	0.285	0.765^**	0.612^**	1
NO₃^-	0.063	-0.056	0.819^**	0.616^**	0.445^**	-0.094	0.044	1
SiO₂	0.794^**	0.744^**	-0.314	-0.079	0.399^*	0.669^**	0.495^**	-0.118	1
TDS	0.716^**	0.846^**	0.299	0.482^**	0.942^**	0.696^**	0.850^**	0.405^*	0.554^**	1
pH	0.533^**	0.503^**	-0.389^*	0.138	0.213	0.555^*	0.478^**	-0.205	0.466^**	0.369^*	1

Chemical characteristics and origin of groundwater in the Daihai basin

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