Abstract: According to the system of Tsoong P C, there are 29 species in 14 series of 6 grexes in the genus of [WTBX]Pedicularis[WTBZ] distributed in Xinjiang, the area where the species of this genus were firstly explored in China. The characteristics of [WTBX]Pedicularis[WTBZ] in Xinjiang can be summarized as follows: ① The species richness is poor, constituting 8.24% species of the total in China with 3 endemic species; ② The species in this area are mainly in three grexes, i.e. the Sigmantha, Orthosiphonia and Apocladus, which account for 86.21% of the total species in Xinjiang, in which 10 species are in Ser. Comosae of Apocladus and account for a high proportion in the total; ③ The horizontal distribution forms a Eshaped pattern and fits to the main mountain systems in Xinjiang, and the vertical distribution is in a big range from 900 m to 5 180 m a. s. l.; ④ The species have a great community with the species distributed also in adjacent countries, especially in Russia and Kazakhstan, the common species account for 58.62% and 51.72% respectively, which implies their floristic relationship. However, the floristic links with the neighboring provinces of China are relatively weak.

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