新疆葱属植物区系地理特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.02.20

Abstract

Abstract:

The Allium Linnaeus is an important plant resource of great value with many species. It is situated in Central Asia and the hinterland of the Eurasian continent. Xinjiang of China harbors a wide plant diversity of Allium Linnaeus. To probe into the plant resources and the floristic characteristics of Allium Linnaeus in Xinjiang Province, combining and verifying monographs, literature, bibliographies with specimens from this genus can provide some profound support and outline for taxonomy, classification, biodiversity conservation as well as proper and sound utilization of Allium plants. We hope this study can help further research into this genus (Allium Linnaeus). Based on previous and present references, studies, records, and information about Allium Linnaeus, Allium plants from Xinjiang Province comprise about 58 species, 1 subspecies, 2 varieties, and 6 cultivated species. The floristic characteristics of Allium Linnaeus in Xinjiang Province are summarized as follows: (1) Allium plants of Xinjiang Province are mainly distributed in the Tianshan Mountains, Ili, Tacheng, Altay, and Kashgar, with most of them inhabiting the deserts, steppes, the dry slopes, gravel grounds, mountains, alps, and forest floor (or forests). (2) In terms of the areal-types of geographical elements, the II C5b elements (the Junggar subregion, of the temperate desert) has the largest percentage composition, followed by the I A2 (the Altay region), II C5a (the Tacheng-Ili subregion), I A3 (the Tianshan region), II C6c (the Kashgar subregion). (3) From the perspective of the vegetation regionalization of Xinjiang, the Allium plant species in the vegetation provinces with the IB1, IIA2, IIA1, IIB3 make up most vegetation regionalization types in Xinjiang; the IIB1, IA1, IIB2 follow this; and with a relatively few occurrences in the vegetation province II B4, I C1. (4) Both horizontal distribution and vertical distribution of Allium Linnaeus in Xinjiang are differentiated. (5) The common Allium species in Xinjiang and the adjacent countries (especially in Kazakhstan and Russia) were significantly more than other neighbouring regions. Also, the number of the common Allium species presented a slight distinction. It indicated a higher similarity in the common Allium species among Kazakhstan, Russia, and Xinjiang of China, reflecting the distinctive connection, exchange, interrelation, and affinity with other neighboring floristic components. Henceforth, holistic, comprehensive, multidisciplinary, and sufficient research integrating with molecular phylogeny (phylofloristics), phylogenetic, evolutionary processes, history, and information (historical floristic phytogeography), phylogenetics, and molecular biogeography are proposed.

Key words: Allium Linnaeus, species biodiversity, flora, floristic characteristics, floristic affinity, Xinjiang of China

ZHANG Qiaoguan,ZHANG Daoyuan,LIU Huiliang. Floristic characteristics of the genus Allium Linnaeus in Xinjiang, China[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(2): 522-540.

Figures/Tables 7

Tab. 1

A list of the species and distribution from Allium L. in Xinjiang Province, China"

种类^*		海拔/m		生境		分布地域
阿尔泰葱		0~2400		山地草原带、砾石质山坡或草地、石缝、落叶松林下		和布克赛尔、哈巴河、布尔津、阿勒泰、福海、青河、塔城、巴里坤、富蕴
Allium altaicum		0~2400		山地草原带、砾石质山坡或草地、石缝、落叶松林下		和布克赛尔、哈巴河、布尔津、阿勒泰、福海、青河、塔城、巴里坤、富蕴
直立韭		2500~3000		坡地		伊吾、和布克赛尔、阿勒泰、布尔津
Allium amphibolum		2500~3000		坡地		伊吾、和布克赛尔、阿勒泰、布尔津
矮韭		0~2200		坡地、山地草原带或荒漠沙土地、粗沙地、盐化土		和静、哈巴河、吉木乃、布尔津、阿勒泰、福海、青河、克拉玛依
Allium anisopodium		0~2200		坡地、山地草原带或荒漠沙土地、粗沙地、盐化土		和静、哈巴河、吉木乃、布尔津、阿勒泰、福海、青河、克拉玛依
蓝苞葱（原变种）		2400~5400		高山草甸、沼泽地、河谷、溪边、湿地、山地草原带及林间空地、向阳山坡		阿克苏、昭苏、温泉、阿勒泰、和静、新源、特克斯、塔城、额敏、和布克赛尔、裕民、托里、博乐、巩留、沙湾、石河子、玛纳斯、呼图壁、昌吉、乌鲁木齐、阜康、吉木萨尔、奇台、木垒、巴里坤、霍城、伊宁、和硕、库车、塔什库尔干
Allium atrosanguineum		2400~5400		高山草甸、沼泽地、河谷、溪边、湿地、山地草原带及林间空地、向阳山坡
砂韭		600~2000		草地、草甸、盐碱地、山地草原带阳坡砾石质坡地		和静、富蕴、哈密、和布克赛尔、木垒、巴里坤、伊吾
Allium bidentatum		600~2000		草地、草甸、盐碱地、山地草原带阳坡砾石质坡地		和静、富蕴、哈密、和布克赛尔、木垒、巴里坤、伊吾
白韭		3500~5000		高山湿地陡坡		乌鲁木齐
Allium blandum
棱叶薤Allium caeruleum		1100~2300		山地草原灌木丛、山地草甸、干旱坡地、平原、山坡、云杉林		塔城、和布克赛尔、察布查尔、裕民、托里、博乐、精河、沙湾、玛纳斯、额敏、昌吉、阜康、乌鲁木齐、奇台、木垒、温泉、霍城、福海、乌恰、巩留、新源、昭苏、特克斯、和静、和硕、库车
知母薤		700~2000		荒漠、干旱草地		乌鲁木齐、和布克赛尔、昌吉
Allium caesium		700~2000		荒漠、干旱草地		乌鲁木齐、和布克赛尔、昌吉
疏生韭		640~2800		荒漠低地或沙丘附近		和布克赛尔、阿勒泰、布尔津、和静、巴音郭楞、乌鲁木齐、阿克陶、阜康、博乐
Allium caespitosum		640~2800		荒漠低地或沙丘附近		和布克赛尔、阿勒泰、布尔津、和静、巴音郭楞、乌鲁木齐、阿克陶、阜康、博乐
镰叶韭		2500~5000		森林至高山草甸、林下及山坡草甸、砾石质山坡及林下草地		阿勒泰、青河、沙湾、玛纳斯、乌鲁木齐、哈密、昭苏、新源、巴里坤、若羌、塔什库尔干、和静、阿克陶、喀什、温宿、奇台、吐鲁番、库车、温泉、莎车、乌恰、叶城
Allium carolinianum		2500~5000		森林至高山草甸、林下及山坡草甸、砾石质山坡及林下草地
细叶北韭		400~2000		干旱坡地、石坡、悬崖		布尔津
Allium clathratum		400~2000		干旱坡地、石坡、悬崖		布尔津
星花蒜（星花韭）		2000		山地石质坡地、砾质戈壁		策勒、青河、和布克赛尔、奇台、木垒、阜康
Allium decipiens		2000		山地石质坡地、砾质戈壁		策勒、青河、和布克赛尔、奇台、木垒、阜康
迷人薤		0~2900		草原、干旱坡地、荒漠、沙地、石地、盐碱地		托里、乌恰
Allium delicatulum		0~2900		草原、干旱坡地、荒漠、沙地、石地、盐碱地		托里、乌恰
贺兰韭		0~1750		干旱坡地、平原		和静、伊吾、阿勒泰、乌鲁木齐、和布克赛尔
Allium eduardi		0~1750		干旱坡地、平原		和静、伊吾、阿勒泰、乌鲁木齐、和布克赛尔
多籽蒜		800~1500		草地灌丛、空旷之地、山坡及山麓荒地		塔城、裕民、巩留、新源、特克斯、福海
Allium fetisowii		800~1500		草地灌丛、空旷之地、山坡及山麓荒地		塔城、裕民、巩留、新源、特克斯、福海
新疆韭		1500~2600		山地草原、林中岩石裂缝、向阳坡地		若羌、哈密、和布克赛尔、塔城、托里、哈巴河、布尔津、青河、福海、巴里坤、阿勒泰
Allium flavidum		1500~2600		山地草原、林中岩石裂缝、向阳坡地		若羌、哈密、和布克赛尔、塔城、托里、哈巴河、布尔津、青河、福海、巴里坤、阿勒泰
实葶葱		500~2070		山地草原、草甸、干旱石质和砾质坡地、陡坡、山坡或河谷		托里、裕民、青河、乌鲁木齐、阿勒泰、玛纳斯
Allium galanthum		500~2070		山地草原、草甸、干旱石质和砾质坡地、陡坡、山坡或河谷		托里、裕民、青河、乌鲁木齐、阿勒泰、玛纳斯
头花薤		511~3000		坡地、河谷、山地草原带及高山草甸带		塔城、裕民、和布克赛尔、博乐、温泉、沙湾、玛纳斯、昌吉、乌鲁木齐、阿勒泰、巴里坤、阿克陶、新和、温宿、焉耆、阜康、托里、奇台、木垒、霍城、巩留、新源、昭苏、特克斯、和静、和硕、库车、塔什库尔干
Allium glomeratum		511~3000		坡地、河谷、山地草原带及高山草甸带
灰皮薤		0~2900		草甸、沼泽地		和布克赛尔、阿克陶、巴里坤、托克逊
Allium grisellum		0~2900		草甸、沼泽地		和布克赛尔、阿克陶、巴里坤、托克逊
北疆韭（原变种） Allium hymenorhizum		1100~2700		草甸、干旱草地、高原、山坡、湿润低地、山地草甸带	布尔津、富蕴、阿克陶、青河、喀什、霍城、拜城、塔城、额敏、托里、精河、乌鲁木齐、温泉、伊宁、昭苏、特克斯、巩留、新源、和静、和硕、乌恰
草地韭 Allium kaschianum		2400~3800		草地、砾石平原、山坡、山地草原带	昭苏、青河、和静、于田、策勒、皮山、塔什库尔干、阿克陶、乌苏
石生韭		1800~3600		砾石质坡地、岩石裂缝、高山和亚高山草甸	和布克赛尔、塔城、额敏、托里、温泉、沙湾、玛纳斯、乌鲁木齐、吐鲁番、和静、和硕、轮台、库车、莎车、乌恰、阿克陶、塔什库尔干、叶城、阿克苏、昭苏、策勒、皮山、鄯善、哈密、博乐、阿合奇、特克斯、木垒、精河、且末
Allium kokanicum		1800~3600		砾石质坡地、岩石裂缝、高山和亚高山草甸
褐皮韭		1500~2500		盆地、砾石质滩地及干旱坡地	昭苏、和布克赛尔、特克斯、新源、巩留、和静、库车、喀什
Allium korolkowii		1500~2500		盆地、砾石质滩地及干旱坡地	昭苏、和布克赛尔、特克斯、新源、巩留、和静、库车、喀什
条叶长喙韭		2200~2700		石坡、石缝、悬崖	霍城
Allium kurssanovii		2200~2700		石坡、石缝、悬崖	霍城
硬皮葱		100~1800		山地、湿地、河床、砾质沙地	哈巴河
Allium ledebourianum		100~1800		山地、湿地、河床、砾质沙地	哈巴河
北韭		760~2400		荒漠草原至森林、丘陵和碎石山坡、石质坡地、平原荒漠或山地草原带;多生于灌丛	伊吾、富蕴、青河、塔城、裕民、额敏、阿勒泰、布尔津、福海、乌鲁木齐、巴里坤
Allium lineare		760~2400		荒漠草原至森林、丘陵和碎石山坡、石质坡地、平原荒漠或山地草原带;多生于灌丛	伊吾、富蕴、青河、塔城、裕民、额敏、阿勒泰、布尔津、福海、乌鲁木齐、巴里坤
大鳞韭		1216		砾石坡、石坡	博乐;天山西部
Allium megalobulbon		1216		砾石坡、石坡	博乐;天山西部
蒙古韭		800~2800		荒漠、沙地、荒地、干旱山坡、干旱坡地	阿勒泰、青河、富蕴、阜康、吉木萨尔、奇台、沙湾、博乐、布尔津、和布克赛尔、木垒、伊吾、乌鲁木齐、霍城、哈巴河
Allium mongolicum		800~2800		荒漠、沙地、荒地、干旱山坡、干旱坡地	阿勒泰、青河、富蕴、阜康、吉木萨尔、奇台、沙湾、博乐、布尔津、和布克赛尔、木垒、伊吾、乌鲁木齐、霍城、哈巴河
齿丝山韭		1500		山地草原、山坡草丛、草甸、湿地、草原带	和布克赛尔、哈巴河、布尔津、阿勒泰、青河、乌鲁木齐
Allium nutans		1500		山地草原、山坡草丛、草甸、湿地、草原带	和布克赛尔、哈巴河、布尔津、阿勒泰、青河、乌鲁木齐
高葶韭		1200~2000		草原至草甸、山坡、河谷、山地草原和草甸带	和布克赛尔、鄯善、塔城、裕民、沙湾、玛纳斯、乌鲁木齐、布尔津、奇台、伊宁、昭苏
Allium obliquum		1200~2000		草原至草甸、山坡、河谷、山地草原和草甸带	和布克赛尔、鄯善、塔城、裕民、沙湾、玛纳斯、乌鲁木齐、布尔津、奇台、伊宁、昭苏
高地蒜		2500~3000		砾石质坡地	和布克赛尔;天山
Allium oreophilum		2500~3000		砾石质坡地	和布克赛尔;天山
滩地韭 Allium oreoprasum		1200~3937		阳坡、流石滩、砾石戈壁及山地石质坡	塔城、和布克赛尔、裕民、托里、昭苏、温泉、博乐、乌苏、沙湾、玛纳斯、昌吉、乌鲁木齐、阿克苏、阜康、奇台、霍城、伊宁、尼勒克、特克斯、伊吾、吉木乃、布尔津、和静、鄯善、拜城、阿合奇、阿图什、阿勒泰、乌恰、温宿、和硕、喀什、疏附、阿克陶、吐鲁番市高昌区、塔什库尔干、叶城、民丰、皮山、和田、策勒、若羌、于田、且末
小山薤		569~2300		荒漠及干旱坡地	哈巴河、布尔津、阿勒泰、福海、富蕴、青河、塔城、额敏、裕民、托里、沙湾、玛纳斯、石河子、昌吉、乌鲁木齐、奎屯、阜康、吉木萨尔、奇台、巴里坤、温泉、伊宁、巩留、新源、昭苏、吉木乃、拜城、特克斯、和静、察布查尔、和硕、库车、莎车、塔什库尔干、克拉玛依市（独山子区）、和田、乌苏
Allium pallasii		569~2300		荒漠及干旱坡地
石坡韭		1400~2424		低山石质坡地	和布克赛尔、裕民、额敏、哈密、沙湾、玛纳斯、乌鲁木齐、霍城、塔什库尔干
Allium petraeum		1400~2424		低山石质坡地	和布克赛尔、裕民、额敏、哈密、沙湾、玛纳斯、乌鲁木齐、霍城、塔什库尔干
昆仑韭		1300~1400		坡地	叶城
Allium pevtzovii		1300~1400		坡地	叶城
宽苞韭（原亚种）		2700~3700		高山草甸、石质坡地、山地草原带	哈巴河、吉木乃、布尔津、阿勒泰、青河、塔城、和布克赛尔、裕民、托里、温泉、博乐、沙湾、玛纳斯、昌吉、乌鲁木齐、阜康、吉木萨尔、奇台、木垒、巴里坤、伊吾、霍城、昭苏、特克斯、巩留、新源、尼勒克、和静、和硕、拜城、库车、温宿、莎车、乌恰、福海、鄯善、哈密、阿克陶、塔什库尔干、吐鲁番、若羌
Allium platyspathum		2700~3700		高山草甸、石质坡地、山地草原带
碱韭		820~4144		平原荒漠、阳坡、草地、盐碱地、石质残丘、干旱山坡、砾石地、荒漠草原	富蕴、和布克赛尔、博乐、拜城、布尔津、吉木乃、叶城、阿勒泰、温泉、塔城、额敏、裕民、托里、且末、沙湾、玛纳斯、昌吉、乌鲁木齐、阜康、吉木萨尔、巴里坤、伊吾、霍城、哈密、石河子、若羌、和静、阿克陶、乌苏、皮山、福海
Allium polyrhizum		820~4144		平原荒漠、阳坡、草地、盐碱地、石质残丘、干旱山坡、砾石地、荒漠草原
蒙古野韭		1500		石坡、草原、准噶尔西部山地草原带	塔城、额敏、和布克赛尔、托里
Allium prostratum		1500		石坡、草原、准噶尔西部山地草原带	塔城、额敏、和布克赛尔、托里
青甘韭	2000~4800		山地灌丛至高山草地、山沟、平原、高山干旱山坡石缝、灌木丛下		乌鲁木齐（后峡）、和静、塔什库尔干、策勒、和田、皮山、伊吾、叶城
Allium przewalskianum	2000~4800		山地灌丛至高山草地、山沟、平原、高山干旱山坡石缝、灌木丛下		乌鲁木齐（后峡）、和静、塔什库尔干、策勒、和田、皮山、伊吾、叶城
野韭 Allium ramosum	500~2394		荒漠草原至草原、砾石质山坡及较湿润的草甸草原、草原化草甸等群落、向阳山丘、草地、山地草原带		和布克赛尔、库车、哈巴河、哈密、阿勒泰、尼勒克、乌鲁木齐、温宿、巩留、新源、和静、吉木乃
新疆蒜	1000~1500		云杉林下、沙滩、沙泥地、林地阴坡		霍城、乌恰、和静、塔城、察布查尔、阿勒泰
Allium roborowskianum
健蒜	600~1000		山地草原、灌丛、干旱石坡、草地		青河、塔城、新和
Allium robustum
红花韭	1800~2200		草原、灌丛、石坡、陡地		鄯善、和布克赛尔、哈密、布尔津、乌鲁木齐
Allium rubens	1800~2200		草原、灌丛、石坡、陡地		鄯善、和布克赛尔、哈密、布尔津、乌鲁木齐
赛里木薤	2400~3400		云杉林坡地、亚高山至高山坡地、高山和亚高山草甸		和布克赛尔、温泉、沙湾、玛纳斯、尼勒克、新源
Allium sairamense	2400~3400		云杉林坡地、亚高山至高山坡地、高山和亚高山草甸		和布克赛尔、温泉、沙湾、玛纳斯、尼勒克、新源
长喙韭	1000~3100		山地草原、干旱坡地、向阳石灰质山坡、砾石戈壁、多石山坡		青河、阿勒泰、布尔津、富蕴、塔城、托里、博乐、精河、玛纳斯、呼图壁、石河子、乌鲁木齐、奇台、木垒、霍城、昭苏、新源、阜康、温泉、和布克赛尔、尼勒克、福海、塔什库尔干、乌什、沙湾、裕民、哈巴河、额敏、吉木萨尔、巴里坤、伊吾、伊宁、巩留、特克斯、和静、和硕、库车;阿尔泰山、天山
Allium saxatile	1000~3100		山地草原、干旱坡地、向阳石灰质山坡、砾石戈壁、多石山坡
类北薤	2390~3000		山地草甸带或山谷河滩地、坡地、草地		和布克赛尔、博乐、沙湾、塔城、托里、昌吉、乌鲁木齐、石河子、木垒、霍城、昭苏、特克斯、巩留、新源、和静、和硕、库车、乌恰、乌苏、巴里坤
Allium schoenoprasoides	2390~3000		山地草甸带或山谷河滩地、坡地、草地
北葱（原变种）	2000~3000		河边至山地草甸、高山草甸、河谷、湿坡、山谷、溪边		托里、和静、新源、布尔津、阿勒泰、乌鲁木齐市（达坂城区）、福海
Allium schoenoprasum	2000~3000		河边至山地草甸、高山草甸、河谷、湿坡、山谷、溪边		托里、和静、新源、布尔津、阿勒泰、乌鲁木齐市（达坂城区）、福海
单丝辉韭	2400~2800		高山石坡		阿勒泰、塔什库尔干
Allium schrenkii	2400~2800		高山石坡		阿勒泰、塔什库尔干
管丝葱	2000~3500		林缘、湿坡、草甸、阴湿草地		裕民、塔城、托里、温泉、精河、博乐、沙湾、玛纳斯、奇台、乌鲁木齐、木垒、昭苏、新源、吐鲁番、巩留、特克斯、和静、尼勒克、乌苏、奎屯、和硕、库车
Allium semenovii	2000~3500		林缘、湿坡、草甸、阴湿草地
山韭	500~2500		草原至森林、干旱石坡、盐碱草甸、砾石质坡地		哈密、和布克赛尔、塔城、富蕴、温泉、阿勒泰、布尔津、木垒、乌鲁木齐、巴里坤、青河、沙湾、伊宁、昭苏、特克斯、巩留、吐鲁番
Allium senescens	500~2500		草原至森林、干旱石坡、盐碱草甸、砾石质坡地
丝叶韭	400~1000		钙质坡地、荒漠、干旱砾石质坡地及戈壁滩		额敏、塔城、托里、和布克赛尔、温泉、裕民、博乐、石河子、沙湾、呼图壁、木垒、吉木萨尔、乌鲁木齐、奇台、伊宁、新源、巩留、特克斯、昭苏、和硕、和静
Allium setifolium	400~1000		钙质坡地、荒漠、干旱砾石质坡地及戈壁滩
辉韭 Allium strictum	400~2500		石质坡地、悬崖、山地草甸及云杉林空地		富蕴、福海、托里、鄯善、和布克赛尔、木垒、哈密、吉木萨尔、塔城、玛纳斯、阿勒泰、乌鲁木齐、哈巴河、布尔津、温泉、精河、阜康
蜜囊韭 Allium subtilissimum	700~1713		干旱石质坡地、悬崖、河边砾石质盐碱地、前山干山坡及砾石戈壁滩		和布克赛尔、策勒、鄯善、哈密、奇台、木垒、富蕴、托克逊、玛纳斯、吉木乃、阿勒泰、哈巴河、阜康、乌鲁木齐县、乌鲁木齐市（达坂城区）;阿尔泰山
荒漠韭	1900		前山荒漠和干旱山坡		和静、昭苏、新源、特克斯
Allium tekesicola	1900		前山荒漠和干旱山坡		和静、昭苏、新源、特克斯
细叶韭	0~2000		坡地、草地、沙地		阿勒泰;阿尔泰山
Allium tenuissimum	0~2000		坡地、草地、沙地		阿勒泰;阿尔泰山
西疆韭	1200~2000		干旱的砾石质山坡		精河、特克斯、乌鲁木齐、哈密、昭苏、霍城、尼勒克、伊宁、新源、巩留
Allium teretifolium	1200~2000		干旱的砾石质山坡		精河、特克斯、乌鲁木齐、哈密、昭苏、霍城、尼勒克、伊宁、新源、巩留
天山韭	1200~3400		亚高山灌木丛、草甸、山地砾石坡地		拜城、青河、喀什、霍城、乌恰、阿克陶、布尔津、哈巴河、阿勒泰、塔城、和布克赛尔、额敏、托里、裕民、乌鲁木齐、沙湾、奇台、吉木萨尔、伊吾、巴里坤、伊宁、巩留、尼勒克、昭苏、新源、特克斯、库车、和静
Allium tianschanicum	1200~3400		亚高山灌木丛、草甸、山地砾石坡地
坛丝韭	1900		干旱的砾石质坡地、砾石质山坡地及砾石滩地		精河、博乐、温泉
Allium weschniakowii	1900		干旱的砾石质坡地、砾石质山坡地及砾石滩地		精河、博乐、温泉

Tab. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Tab. 5

Tab. 6

Tab. 7

Taxonomic conspectus of the genus Allium L. in Xinjiang"

第一演化线路
亚属	组	种^*
-	-	-
第二演化线路
亚属	组	种^*
Porphyroprason	Porphyroprason	高地蒜Allium oreophilum C.A.Mey.
Melanocrommyum	Melanocrommyum	新疆蒜Allium roborowskianum Regel (Allium sinkiangense F.T.Wang & Y.C.Tang)
Melanocrommyum	Melanocrommyum	健蒜Allium robustum Kar. & Kir.
Melanocrommyum	Decipientia	星花蒜（星花韭）Allium decipiens Fisch. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
Melanocrommyum	Acmopetala	多籽蒜Allium fetisowii Regel
第三演化线路
亚属	组	种^*
Butomissa	Butomissa	韭（韭菜）Allium tuberosum Rottler ex Spreng.
Butomissa	Butomissa	野韭Allium ramosum L.
Butomissa	Austromontana	滩地韭Allium oreoprasum Schrenk
Rhizirideum	Rhizirideum	蒙古野韭Allium prostratum Trevir.
Rhizirideum	Rhizirideum	红花韭Allium rubens Schrad. ex Willd.
Rhizirideum	Rhizirideum	山韭Allium senescens L.
Rhizirideum	Rhizirideum	齿丝山韭Allium nutans L.
Rhizirideum	Caespitosoprason	蒙古韭Allium mongolicum Regel
Rhizirideum	Caespitosoprason	碱韭Allium polyrhizum Turcz. ex Regel
Rhizirideum	Caespitosoprason	砂韭Allium bidentatum Fisch. ex Prokh. & Ikonn.-Gal.
Rhizirideum	Rhizomatosa	疏生韭Allium caespitosum Siev. ex Bong. & C.A.Mey.
Rhizirideum	Tenuissima	细叶韭Allium tenuissimum L.
Rhizirideum	Tenuissima	矮韭Allium anisopodium Ledeb.
Rhizirideum	Eduardia	贺兰韭Allium eduardi Stearn ex Airy Shaw (Allium eduardii Stearn)
Rhizirideum	Eduardia	青甘韭Allium przewalskianum Regel
Allium	Allium	韭葱Allium ampeloprasum L. (Allium porrum L.)
Allium	Allium	蒜（大蒜）Allium sativum L.
Allium	Allium	薤白Allium macrostemon Bunge
Allium	Caerulea	棱叶薤Allium caeruleum Pall.
Allium	Caerulea	知母薤Allium caesium Schrenk
Allium	Caerulea	赛里木薤Allium sairamense Regel ?
Allium	Pallasia	迷人薤Allium delicatulum Siev. ex Schult. & Schult.f.
Allium	Pallasia	小山薤（小山蒜）Allium pallasii Murray
Allium	Pallasia	头花薤Allium glomeratum Prokh.
Allium	Pallasia	类北薤Allium schoenoprasoides Regel
Cepa	Cepa	阿尔泰葱Allium altaicum Pall.
Cepa	Cepa	葱（大葱）Allium fistulosum L.
Cepa	Cepa	洋葱（皮牙孜）Allium cepa L.
Cepa	Cepa	实葶葱Allium galanthum Kar.&Kir.
Cepa	Annuloprason	管丝葱Allium semenovii Regel
Cepa	Annuloprason	蓝苞葱（原变种）Allium atrosanguineum Schrenk
Cepa	Annuloprason	坛丝韭Allium weschniakowii Regel
Cepa	Sacculiferum	灰皮薤Allium grisellum J.M.Xu
Cepa	Schoenoprasum	北葱（原变种）Allium schoenoprasum L.
Cepa	Schoenoprasum	糙葶北葱（北葱变种）Allium karelinii Poljak. (Allium schoenoprasum var. scaberrimum Regel)
Cepa	Schoenoprasum	硬皮葱Allium ledebourianum Schult.&Schult.f.
Reticulatobulbosa	Reticulatobulbosa	北韭Allium lineare L.
Reticulatobulbosa	Reticulatobulbosa	单丝辉韭Allium schrenkii Regel ?
Reticulatobulbosa	Reticulatobulbosa	直立韭Allium amphibolum Ledeb.
Reticulatobulbosa	Reticulatobulbosa	辉韭Allium strictum Schrad.
Reticulatobulbosa	Reticulatobulbosa	细叶北韭Allium clathratum Ledeb.
Reticulatobulbosa	Reticulatobulbosa	新疆韭Allium flavidum Ledeb.
Reticulatobulbosa	Campanulata	西疆韭Allium teretifolium Regel
Reticulatobulbosa	Campanulata	荒漠韭Allium tekesicola Regel ?
Reticulatobulbosa	Campanulata	褐皮韭Allium korolkowii Regel ?
Polyprason	Oreiprason	高葶韭Allium obliquum L.
Polyprason	Oreiprason	长喙韭Allium saxatile M.Bieb.
Polyprason	Oreiprason	石坡韭Allium petraeum Kar.&Kir.
Polyprason	Oreiprason	天山韭Allium tianschanicum Rupr. ?
Polyprason	Oreiprason	大鳞韭Allium megalobulbon Regel ?
Polyprason	Oreiprason	昆仑韭Allium pevtzovii Prokh. ?
Polyprason	Oreiprason	石生韭Allium kokanicum Regel (Allium caricoides Regel) ?
Polyprason	Oreiprason	条叶长喙韭Allium kurssanovii Popov
Polyprason	Oreiprason	丝叶韭Allium setifolium Schrenk
Polyprason	Oreiprason	蜜囊韭Allium subtilissimum Ledeb.
Polyprason	Falcatifolia	北疆韭（原变种）Allium hymenorhizum Ledeb.
Polyprason	Falcatifolia	旱生韭（北疆韭变种）Allium hymenorhizum var. dentatum J.M.Xu
Polyprason	Falcatifolia	草地韭Allium kaschianum Regel
Polyprason	Falcatifolia	镰叶韭Allium carolinianum DC.
Polyprason	Falcatifolia	白韭Allium blandum Wall. ?
Polyprason	Falcatifolia	宽苞韭（原亚种）Allium platyspathum Schrenk
Polyprason	Falcatifolia	钝叶韭（宽苞韭亚种）Allium platyspathum subsp. amblyophyllum (Kar. & Kir.) N.Friesen

Tab. 7

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分类群/类别	数量/种	种类及名称
种	58	见表1
亚种	1	钝叶韭（宽苞韭亚种）Allium platyspathum subsp. amblyophyllum
变种	2	旱生韭（北疆韭变种）Allium hymenorhizum var. dentatum
		糙葶北葱（北葱变种）Allium karelinii (Allium schoenoprasum var. scaberrimum)
栽培种	6	韭葱Allium ampeloprasum (Allium porrum)
		洋葱（皮牙孜）Allium cepa
		葱（大葱）Allium fistulosum
		蒜（大蒜）Allium sativum
		韭（韭菜）Allium tuberosum
		薤白Allium macrostemon
存疑种类（未见标本）	8	费葱（蓝苞葱变种）Allium atrosanguineum var. fedschenkoanum
		高原薤Allium jacquemontii
		尤尔都斯薤Allium juldusicola
		网球韭（宽叶葱）Allium karataviense
		少花葱Allium oliganthum
		沙地薤Allium sabulosum
		郁金叶蒜Allium tulipifolium
		伊犁蒜Allium winklerianum

区	亚区	地区	亚地区	葱属植物种数^①	占新疆分布葱属植物种总数的比例^②/％
Ⅰ 泛北极植物区	ⅠA 欧亚森林亚区	ⅠA2 阿尔泰地区		38	65.52
		ⅠA3 天山地区		37	63.79
Ⅱ 古地中海植物区	ⅡC 中亚荒漠亚区	ⅡC5 准噶尔地区	ⅡC5a 塔城伊犁亚地区	38	65.52
			ⅡC5b 准噶尔亚地区	49	84.48
		ⅡC6 喀什噶尔地区	ⅡC6c 喀什亚地区	34	58.62
Ⅲ 东亚植物区	ⅢF 青藏高原亚区	ⅢF17 西藏、帕米尔、昆仑地区	Ⅲ F17c 帕米尔-喀喇昆仑- 昆仑亚地区	18	31.03

新疆植被分区^①	种数^②	占新疆分布种总数的比例^③/%
Ⅰ ⅠA ⅠA₁	28	48.28
ⅠB ⅠB₁	49	84.48
ⅠC ⅠC₁	16	27.59
Ⅱ ⅡA ⅡA₁	46	79.31
ⅡA₂	47	81.03
ⅡB ⅡB₁	31	53.45
ⅡB₂	27	46.55
ⅡB₃	44	75.86
ⅡB₄	20	34.48

省区	各省区总种数	与新疆共有种数	新疆分布种总数	相似性系数/%	共有种数占新疆分布种总数的比例/%
甘肃	51	19	58	34.86	32.76
青海	39	14		28.86	24.14
西藏	30	8		18.18	13.79

邻近国家	各邻国总种数	与新疆共有种数	新疆分布种总数	相似性系数/%	共有种数占新疆分布种总数的比例/%
蒙古	46	25	58	48.08	43.10
俄罗斯	205	47		35.74	81.03
哈萨克斯坦	93	45		59.60	77.59
吉尔吉斯斯坦	67	24		38.40	41.38
塔吉克斯坦	84	14		19.72	24.14

Floristic characteristics of the genus Allium Linnaeus in Xinjiang, China

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