呼伦贝尔沙地樟子松林土壤和根内真菌泛化种和特化种结构与功能特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2025.06.09

Abstract

Abstract:

This study investigated the community structure and function of generalized and specialized fungal species (GFS and SFS, respectively) in the soil and roots of Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests and their relationship with soil physicochemical properties, aiming to identify key microbial mechanisms affecting ecosystem functioning in P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests. Using high-throughput sequencing technology, we analyzed the differences in the community structure and functional groups of GFS and SFS in the soil and roots of natural forests and plantations (24 a, 35 a, 44 a) of P. sylvestris var. mongolica in the Hulunbuir Desert. The results were as follows: (1) The soil and root-associated GFS retained 169 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in total, the soil SFS retained 603 OTUs, and the root-associated SFS retained 216 OTUs, including Tricholoma and Suillus in soil GFS; and Tricholoma, Suillus, and Cadophora in root-associated GFS; Penicillium in soil SFS; and Acephala in root-associated SFS. (2) The relative abundance of symbiotic nutritive fungi accounted for 28.49%-47.21% of soil GFS, and the dominant ecological functional group was ectomycorrhizal fungi, which showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing with forest age. Saprophytic nutritive fungi accounted for 17.01%-40.01% of soil SFS. The relative abundance of saprophytic nutritive fungi in plantation forests was lower than that in natural forests, and it showed a tendency of increasing and decreasing followed by increasing with forest age. Symbiotic trophic fungi accounted for 43.25%-54.45% of the root-associated GFS; the dominant ecological functional group was ectomycorrhizal fungi, which showed an increasing trend with increasing forest age, and the relative abundance of ectomycorrhizal fungi in natural forests was higher than that in plantation forests. (3) The soil organic matter and available phosphorus content of natural P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests were significantly higher than those of plantation forests (P<0.05). In plantation forests, with increasing forest age, the soil organic matter (SOM), total phosphorus (TP), available nitrogen (AN), and available phosphorus in the soil increased significantly (P<0.05), whereas the soil pH decreased but not significantly (P>0.05). GFS was mainly dominated by SOM, soil NH₄⁺-N, and TP (P< 0.05). Furthermore, the community variability of root-associated SFS was regulated by total nitrogen (P<0.05), whereas soil SFS was significantly affected by only TP, AN, and NO₃^--N (P<0.05). The drivers of fungal community structure showed significant ecological niche differentiation. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the ecological functions of fungi in the soil and roots of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests, providing a basis for the sustainable management and protection of P. sylvestris var. mongolica forests in the Hulunbuir Desert.

Key words: soil fungi, root-associated fungi, habitat generalist, habitat specialist, community structure, ecological function, soil physical and chemical

CHENG Yanlin, WANG Jiayuan, GAO Guanglei, DING Guodong, ZHANG Ying, ZHAO Peishan, ZHU Binbin. Structure and functional group characteristics of generalized and specialized species of soil and root-associated fungi in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of the Hulunbuir Desert[J].Arid Zone Research, 2025, 42(6): 1055-1066.

Figures/Tables 7

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

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Tab. 2

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真菌群落	真菌群落	扩散-生态位连续体指数（DNCI）
NFS	NFR	-3.9685
HBhS	HBhR	-6.7666
HBnS	HBnR	-5.5492
HBmS	HBmR	-5.4996

项目	NF	HBh	HBn	HBm
土壤含水量（SWC）/%	4.49±0.31c	5.58±0.39b	5.47±0.43b	7.87±0.28a
土壤总孔隙度（STP）/%	40.68±2.24b	41.35±1.99b	44.98±1.18a	44.75±1.73a
土壤毛管孔隙度（SCP）/%	40.92±4.97ab	37.63±2.75b	40.53±1.75ab	44.81±3.58a
土壤pH	6.68±0.30b	7.50±0.45a	7.36±0.45a	7.09±0.25ab
土壤有机质（SOM）/（g·kg^-1）	18.45±0.99a	11.82±0.68d	13.51±1.21c	16.81±0.92b
土壤全氮（TN）/（g·kg^-1）	0.95±0.12a	0.59±0.08b	0.64±0.07b	0.95±0.08a
土壤全磷（TP）/（g·kg^-1）	0.22±0.02a	0.16±0.01c	0.18±0.01b	0.21±0.01a
土壤全钾（TK）/（g·kg^-1）	21.82±1.38b	23.80±1.08a	25.01±0.96a	24.70±0.83a
土壤有效氮（AN）/（mg·kg^-1）	24.47±1.52d	38.35±1.38c	40.68±1.84b	55.72±1.27a
土壤有效磷（AP）/（mg·kg^-1）	3.31±0.28a	0.65±0.16d	1.50±0.16c	1.97±0.22b
土壤硝态氮（NO₃^--N）/（mg·kg^-1）	3.08±0.65a	3.47±0.69a	3.32±0.56a	3.56±0.75a
土壤氨态氮（NH₄⁺-N）/（mg·kg^-1）	1.22±0.21b	1.29±0.21b	1.25±0.20b	1.69±0.21a

Structure and functional group characteristics of generalized and specialized species of soil and root-associated fungi in Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica forests of the Hulunbuir Desert

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