宁夏红寺堡扬黄灌区土壤盐渍化特征

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2023.11.08

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the main factors influencing soil salinization in irrigation region of Yellow River of Hongsipu, correlation analysis and principal component analysis were used to study the salinization characteristics of the 0-100 cm soil profile. The results showed the following: (1) The overall soil in the study area is strongly alkaline, with the pH of the lower layer of 20-100 cm soil being significantly higher than that of the upper layer of 0-20 cm (P<0.05), which increases with increasing soil depth. The total salt content of soil also increases with increasing soil depth, showing a bottom aggregation-type profile feature of high at the bottom and low at the surface. The difference in total salt content of each layer of soil was not significant (P<0.05), which the pH of each layer of soil exhibited weak variability, with a relatively uniform spatial distribution. The total salt content of soil in the upper layer showed moderate variability at depths of 0-20 cm, while in the lower layer of depths of 20-100 cm it showed strong variabilily, with differences in spatial distribution appearing with changes in depth. (2) The main cation in the study area is Na⁺+K⁺, with significant differences in the content of each cation (P<0.05). The main anion is $S O 4 2 -$ , which significant difference compared with other anions (P<0.05). The contents of the ions are in following order: $S O 4 2 -$ > Na⁺ +K⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Mg²⁺> $H C O 3 -$ > Cl^- > $C O 3 2 -$ , and the concentration of each ion also increases with increasing of soil depth, consistent with the changes in total salt and pH. (3) Through correlation analysis and principal component analysis, it was found that the main factors affecting total salt in the irrigation area are $S O 4 2 -$ , Cl^-, Na⁺+K⁺, and Mg²⁺, while the main factors affecting pH are $C O 3 2 -$ and $H C O 3 -$ . The main salts are sulfate and chloride, but there are significant differences in salt types at different depth profiles. The upper layer of salt is mainly chloride, while the lower layer is a composite of sulfate and chloride. The results of this study prove the main factors affecting the soil salinity characteristics of irrigation region of Yellow River of Hongsipu, and provide a theoretical basis for the treatment of alkali soil in the study area.

Key words: saline-alkali land, salinization characteristics, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, irrigation region of Yellow River of Hongsipu, Ningxia

NIU Zilu, WANG Lei, QI Tuoye, ZHANG Yijing, SHEN Jianxiang, YANG Zhuqing, WANG Entian, JIANG Shuting. Soil salinization characteristics in irrigation region of Yellow River of Hongsipu, Ningxia[J].Arid Zone Research, 2023, 40(11): 1785-1796.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Statistics of total salt content, pH, and salt ion content in soil"

土层深度 /cm	参数	pH	全盐（TS） /（mg·kg^-1）	$C O 3 2 -$ /（mg·kg^-1）	$H C O 3 -$ /（mg·kg^-1）	Cl^- /（mg·kg^-1）	$S O 4 2 -$ /（mg·kg^-1）	Ca²⁺ /（mg·kg^-1）	Mg²⁺ /（mg·kg^-1）	Na⁺+K⁺ /（mg·kg^-1）
0~10 （n=77）	最小值	8.60	290.77	0.00	20.33	8.47	258.80	60.00	13.01	106.35
	最大值	9.40	3218.81	2.77	164.57	98.67	1027.05	338.67	113.87	956.19
	均值	8.95	593.29	1.34	30.92	17.44	510.22	135.28	47.83	253.74
	标准差	0.15	425.45	0.56	16.79	11.56	132.48	37.31	21.68	143.37
	变异系数/%	1.68	71.71	41.79	54.30	66.28	25.97	27.58	45.33	56.50
10~20 （n=77）	最小值	8.60	300.75	0.00	16.81	9.26	259.15	82.67	14.64	125.50
	最大值	9.27	2776.36	3.30	46.50	71.49	1333.70	258.67	246.44	679.62
	均值	8.98	604.90	1.41	27.28	17.83	510.82	132.82	50.55	242.16
	标准差	0.15	425.55	0.66	6.32	11.15	173.54	34.49	33.54	121.70
	变异系数/%	1.67	70.35	46.81	23.17	62.54	33.97	25.97	66.35	50.26
20~40 （n=76）	最小值	8.00	276.94	0.00	3.25	7.68	177.96	36.00	2.44	32.69
	最大值	9.92	4699.41	6.00	95.57	146.53	1575.64	448.00	161.04	1197.18
	均值	9.06	690.53	1.35	26.75	19.37	501.03	128.38	48.79	238.66
	标准差	0.26	748.66	1.12	11.81	21.30	228.87	66.07	34.36	177.31
	变异系数/%	2.87	108.42	82.96	44.15	109.96	45.68	51.46	70.42	74.29
40~60 （n=76）	最小值	8.41	276.71	0.00	4.47	5.91	176.89	56.00	2.44	33.06
	最大值	9.91	3593.68	6.40	92.32	137.67	2363.97	352.00	407.48	1187.93
	均值	9.07	685.03	1.31	25.09	19.04	495.98	124.16	49.17	252.33
	标准差	0.24	642.03	1.11	11.64	19.48	286.14	65.18	51.32	184.11
	变异系数/%	2.64	93.72	84.73	46.39	102.31	57.69	52.50	104.37	72.96
60~80 （n=75）	最小值	8.28	297.92	0.00	10.98	8.86	177.96	48.00	1.22	44.28
	最大值	9.62	4602.75	4.20	47.58	150.08	1966.03	420.00	329.40	1344.53
	均值	9.08	818.45	1.30	24.13	20.53	502.65	120.29	55.34	267.85
	标准差	0.22	939.88	0.95	6.73	23.35	277.69	59.42	50.91	220.45
	变异系数/%	2.42	114.84	73.08	27.89	113.74	55.25	49.40	91.99	82.30
80~100 （n=74）	最小值	8.16	323.39	0.00	4.07	7.68	205.55	28.00	2.44	40.41
	最大值	9.91	5024.77	6.50	67.92	145.35	6518.8	1720.00	561.20	1149.78
	均值	9.08	825.67	1.23	24.63	20.00	587.68	137.92	61.85	298.33
	标准差	0.29	962.13	1.27	8.66	19.06	742.10	193.85	74.31	221.90
	变异系数/%	3.19	116.53	103.25	35.16	95.30	126.28	140.55	120.15	74.38

Tab. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Tab. 2

Load matrix, characteristic value and cumulative contribution rate of soil principal component factors"

因子	主成分一	主成分二
pH	-0.358	0.714
全盐（TS）	0.916	0.293
$C O 3 2 -$	-0.042	0.624
$H C O 3 -$	0.156	-0.453
Cl^-	0.789	0.501
$S O 4 2 -$	0.887	-0.278
Ca²⁺	0.795	-0.376
Mg²⁺	0.858	-0.115
Na⁺+K⁺	0.832	0.399
特征值	4.462	1.830
累计贡献率/%	49.58	69.94

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

The score coefficient matrix of principal components"

因子	主成分一	主成分二
pH	-0.170	0.527
全盐（TS）	0.434	0.216
$C O 3 2 -$	0.020	0.461
$H C O 3 -$	0.074	-0.335
Cl^-	0.374	0.370
$S O 4 2 -$	0.420	-0.205
Ca²⁺	0.376	-0.278
Mg²⁺	0.406	-0.085
Na⁺+K⁺	0.393	0.295

Tab. 3

Fig. 6

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Soil salinization characteristics in irrigation region of Yellow River of Hongsipu, Ningxia

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