农牧交错带不同利用方式土壤粒径分布特征——以呼和浩特市武川县为例

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.04.32

Abstract

Abstract:

This paper takes different farmland and natural grassland in Wuchuan County, Hohhot, as the research object and adopts the method of combining in-situ field monitoring and indoor test to study the following four types of farmland soils: typical wheat stubble land, sunflower stubble land, plowed land, and abandoned farmland. The wind erosion resistance capability of land under different utilization modes is discussed by analyzing the average particle size, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis. Research results show the following: (1) The soil in the study area is dominated by fine sand, very fine sand, and silt, accounting for 80% to 85%. (2) The soil particle size composition from fine to coarse is as follows: tillage 1 a > natural grassland > tillage slope > wheat stubble > tillage 15 a > abandoned 5 a > sunflower stubble. Meanwhile, the average particle size of sand is 2.12-2.61. (3) The soil sorting capability of each layer is poor, the skewness is positive and nearly symmetrical, and the kurtosis belongs to the broad flat. The particle size range of soil that is prone to wind erosion is between 200 and 400 μm. (4) Compared with natural grassland, farmland reclamation and utilization lead to the expansion of soil particle size distribution, and the overall particle size is coarse.

Key words: farming-pastoral ecotone, farmland, soil particle size, farming methods, Wuchuan County

FU Dongsheng,REN Xiaomeng,WANG Yanling,ZHANG Cuiying,MENG Zhongju. Distribution characteristics of soil particle size in farming-pastoral ecotone: A case study of Wuchuan County in Inner Mongolia[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(4): 1322-1332.

Figures/Tables 7

Tab. 1

Fig. 1

Tab. 2

Tab. 3

Distribution of soil grain size in 0-30 cm under different tillage methods"

土层深度/cm	样地	土壤粒度分级/%
土层深度/cm	样地	粗砂粒 1000~500 μm	中砂粒 500~250 μm	细砂粒 250~100 μm	极细砂粒100~50 μm	粉粒 50~2 μm	黏粒 <2 μm
0~5	天然草地	1.36±0.03bc	11.23±0.26bc	34.78±0.36cd	25.43±0.61a	25.16±0.54c	2.04±0.01e
	翻耕边坡	1.26±0.04bcd	10.51±0.32c	32.92±0.61d	24.52±0.52a	28.15±0.60b	2.64±0.18bc
	翻耕1 a	1.37±0.05bc	10.76±0.28bc	30.63±0.33e	21.50±0.36bc	32.39±1.01a	3.35±0.18a
	翻耕15 a	1.95±0.03b	14.24±0.49a	36.85±1.10abc	20.83±0.31c	23.57±0.19cd	2.55±0.11bcd
	小麦留茬	0.60±0.07d	10.37±0.38c	37.49±0.78ab	25.76±0.52a	23.66±0.53cd	2.11±0.00de
	葵花留茬	0.82±0.10cd	12.21±0.82b	38.51±0.62a	22.82±0.42b	22.80±0.70d	2.85±0.05b
	退耕5 a	3.01±0.56a	13.85±0.46a	35.45±0.52bc	21.86±0.06bc	23.55±0.63cd	2.28±0.29cde
5~10	天然草地	1.73±0.12b	15.33±0.46a	34.14±0.33b	18.52±0.65d	27.29±0.63c	2.99±0.45bc
	翻耕边坡	1.13±0.06c	11.80±0.48b	35.23±0.64b	22.31±0.36b	26.81±0.65c	2.72±0.06bc
	翻耕1 a	1.44±0.04bc	10.60±0.35c	30.59±0.81c	20.39±0.72c	33.77±0.28b	3.21±0.12b
	翻耕15 a	1.40±0.08bc	11.48±0.34bc	34.43±0.57b	24.24±0.66a	25.80±0.32c	2.64±0.11bc
	小麦留茬	2.73±0.30a	12.38±0.12b	25.68±0.34d	17.61±0.12d	37.28±0.12a	4.33±0.04a
	葵花留茬	1.83±0.08b	12.48±0.31b	33.64±0.22b	22.08±0.07bc	26.69±0.21c	3.28±0.44b
	退耕5 a	2.32±0.20a	15.80±0.34a	37.31±0.32a	20.71±0.77bc	21.58±1.50d	2.27±0.03c
10~20	天然草地	1.33±0.06bc	10.48±0.07c	29.58±0.37d	21.29±0.03cd	34.76±0.27a	2.56±0.01bc
	翻耕边坡	1.34±0.04bc	10.48±0.34c	32.65±0.41c	24.66±0.76a	28.05±0.44bc	2.82±0.18ab
	翻耕1 a	0.79±0.04c	12.19±0.49bc	36.45±0.29b	22.57±0.28bc	25.64±0.43c	2.36±0.07bcd
	翻耕15 a	1.19±0.08bc	12.08±0.16bc	32.56±0.51c	21.33±0.44cd	29.60±0.19b	3.24±0.12a
	小麦留茬	1.22±0.22bc	12.94±1.78bc	38.83±0.92a	24.03±0.89ab	21.17±1.99d	1.81±0.01d
	葵花留茬	2.28±0.17a	15.69±0.41a	37.11±0.14b	20.91±0.43cd	21.80±0.72d	2.21±0.12cd
	退耕5 a	1.56±0.33b	13.39±0.84ab	35.67±0.45b	20.51±0.55d	26.66±0.12c	2.21±0.38cd
20~30	天然草地	1.24±0.09b	12.26±0.72a	32.15±0.54d	17.37±0.62c	34.34±0.97a	2.64±0.56a
	翻耕边坡	1.33±0.05b	11.08±0.14ab	34.49±0.58bc	23.17±0.49ab	26.84±0.94c	3.10±0.22a
	翻耕1 a	0.64±0.04c	10.01±0.18b	32.79±0.68cd	22.33±0.66b	31.26±0.34b	2.96±0.10a
	翻耕15 a	1.76±0.04a	12.59±0.54a	36.17±0.55b	22.38±0.54b	24.52±0.72cd	2.59±0.11a
	小麦留茬	0.73±0.06c	11.76±0.69ab	40.39±1.12a	24.20±0.25a	21.11±0.80e	1.82±0.02b
	葵花留茬	1.41±0.10b	12.49±1.19a	38.82±0.54a	22.16±0.21b	22.54±0.50de	2.57±0.06a
	退耕5 a	0.71±0.07c	8.02±0.20c	29.50±0.36e	22.78±0.47ab	36.18±0.93a	2.81±0.08a

Tab. 3

Tab. 4

Characteristics of soil grain size parameters under different tillage methods in the same soil layer"

土层深度/cm	样地	平均粒径d₀(Φ)	标准偏差σ₀	偏度S₀	峰度K₀
0~5	天然草地	2.33±0.01c	1.26±0.00b	0.15±0.01b	0.78±0.01a
	翻耕边坡	2.42±0.01b	1.27±0.01b	0.08±0.01c	0.75±0.01a
	翻耕1 a	2.50±0.02a	1.30±0.00a	0.00±0.02d	0.72±0.00b
	翻耕15 a	2.21±0.00de	1.30±0.01a	0.23±0.01a	0.77±0.00c
	小麦留茬	2.31±0.02c	1.23±0.00c	0.20±0.01b	0.78±0.00a
	葵花留茬	2.24±0.02d	1.26±0.01b	0.25±0.01a	0.79±0.00a
	退耕5 a	2.22±0.02e	1.29±0.02a	0.23±0.01a	0.78±0.01a
5~10	天然草地	2.26±0.02d	1.33±0.01b	0.15±0.01ab	0.73±0.01a
	翻耕边坡	2.33±0.01c	1.28±0.01d	0.08±0.01bc	0.75±0.02a
	翻耕1 a	2.52±0.03b	1.30±0.00c	0.00±0.03d	0.72±0.04a
	翻耕15 a	2.33±0.01c	1.27±0.01d	0.23±0.02c	0.77±0.01a
	小麦留茬	2.58±0.00a	1.37±0.01a	0.20±0.01ab	0.71±0.02a
	葵花留茬	2.33±0.01c	1.30±0.00c	0.25±0.00a	0.75±0.02a
	退耕5 a	2.12±0.03e	1.33±0.01c	0.23±0.00a	0.80±0.01a
10~20	天然草地	2.53±0.01a	1.29±0.00b	-0.05±0.01c	0.72±0.00b
	翻耕边坡	2.33±0.02b	1.28±0.01c	0.18±0.02b	0.75±0.00b
	翻耕1 a	2.31±0.01c	1.26±0.00c	0.22±0.00a	0.75±0.00b
	翻耕15 a	2.41±0.01b	1.30±0.00ab	0.10±0.01b	0.73±0.00b
	小麦留茬	2.22±0.07cd	1.24±0.01d	0.25±0.02a	0.80±0.03a
	葵花留茬	2.14±0.02d	1.31±0.00a	0.23±0.01a	0.80±0.01a
	退耕5 a	2.28±0.03c	1.31±0.01ab	0.22±0.00a	0.74±0.00b
20~30	天然草地	2.47±0.04b	1.31±0.00a	0.01±0.04c	0.70±0.00d
	翻耕边坡	2.39±0.02c	1.28±0.01bc	0.13±0.02b	0.75±0.01c
	翻耕1 a	2.48±0.01b	1.27±0.00bc	0.05±0.01c	0.72±0.00d
	翻耕15 a	2.26±0.00d	1.28±0.01b	0.22±0.00a	0.77±0.01bc
	小麦留茬	2.20±0.02d	1.23±0.01e	0.25±0.01a	0.83±0.01a
	葵花留茬	2.22±0.02d	1.28±0.01c	0.25±0.00a	0.79±0.01b
	退耕5 a	2.61±0.02a	1.25±0.00d	-0.09±0.02d	0.71±0.00d

Tab. 4

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

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样地类别	地类及地表情况
翻耕地	分为1 a、15 a翻耕地,垄向东西走向,垄向与主风向30°夹角
小麦留茬地	留茬方向东西向,留茬高度25 cm,盖度75%左右,地上秸秆较多
葵花留茬地	留茬方向东西向,留茬高度90 cm,盖度20%左右,地上无秸秆
翻耕边坡	天然草地与新开垦农田交汇处出现的剖面,约50 cm高,无植被覆盖
退耕地	地表有大量草本植物,平均高度10 cm,有少量砾石,退耕5~6 a,有放牧
天然草地（CK）	具有针茅等草本植物生长,平均高15 cm

标准偏差σ₀		偏度S₀		峰度K₀
分选级别	取值范围	偏度等级	取值范围	峰度等级	取值范围
分选极好	σ₀≤0.35	极负偏	-1.0≤S₀≤-0.3	很宽平	K₀≤0.67
分选好	0.35<σ₀≤0.50	负偏	-0.3≤S₀≤-0.1	宽平	0.67<K₀≤0.90
分选较好	0.50<σ₀≤0.71	近于对称	-0.1≤S₀≤0.1	中等	0.90<K₀≤1.11
分选中等	0.71<σ₀≤1.00	正偏	0.1≤S₀≤0.3	尖窄	1.11<K₀≤1.56
分选较差	1.00<σ₀≤2.00	极正偏	0.3≤S₀≤1.0	很尖窄	1.56<K₀≤3.00
分选差	2.00<σ₀≤4.00			极尖窄	K₀>3.00
分选极差	σ₀>4.00

Distribution characteristics of soil particle size in farming-pastoral ecotone: A case study of Wuchuan County in Inner Mongolia

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