陇东地区油污土壤紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa）和金鸡菊（Coreopsis lanceolata）——植物修复效应比较

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.03.18

Abstract

Abstract:

Phytoremediation is the most eco-friendly, economically sustainable, cost-effective technology available for the biodegradation of soil pollutants, while crude-oil-contaminated soil is susceptible to many factors in the process of phytoremediation, including climatic conditions, landform and soil properties, etc. The main properties of the Loess Plateau are high degree of salinization, an arid, and lack of soil fertility, thereby there are obvious regional vegetation distribution in this area. Compositae have strong drought resistance and tolerance and it is a ubiquitous plant growing wild and widely distributed throughout Northwest China. However, the phytoremediation effect of crude oil contaminated soil by Compositae has not been further studied in the Loess Plateau. Thus, in order to analyze and compare the phytoremediation efficiency of Medicago sativa and Coreopsis lanceolata on oil-contaminated soil in eastern Gansu Province of the Loess Plateau. The indigenous plants M. sativa and C. lanceolata were selected as the test plants, and a five months site remediation experiment was conducted in Changqing Oilfield Company, Qingyang City of Gansu Province. The changes of TPH (Total petroleum hydrocarbon, TPH) removal rate, plant growth index, soil physical-chemical properties and enzyme activities as well as microbial community structure in root-zone soil of M. sativa and C. lanceolata under different crude oil concentrations, i.e., light pollution group (TPH=3%), moderate pollution group (TPH=7%) and heavy pollution group (TPH=9%), were measured. We found that: (1) With the crude oil concentration increase from 3% to 9%, the removal rates of TPH in the root-zone soil of M. sativa were 69.88±4.16%、42.59±3.94%、19.20±2.77% and 2.01±0.19%, while were75.33±2.91%、74.87±2.79%、42.47±1.99% and 2.20±0.51% in the root-zone soil of C. lanceolata, respectively. (2) The emergence rate and chlorophyll a/b value of the two tested plants were not significantly affected by crude oil concentrations at 3%, while the effects of oil concentrations ranged from 7% to 9% on seedling emergence rate, chlorophyll a/b value, aboveground and underground dry weight, root vitality and root-shoot ratio of M. sativa were relatively significant (P<0.05). (3) Oil concentration ranged from 3% to 7% had relatively little inhibition on soil available P content in the root-zone soil of M. sativa (P<0.05), while the soil pH, urease and alkaline phosphatase activities in the root zone of C. lanceolata were significantly higher than those of M. sativa in the concentration ranged from 7% to 9% (P<0.05). (4) High throughput sequencing results showed that the relative abundance of crude oil degrading bacteria, i.e., Alcanivorax, Marinobacter, Halanaerobium, Halomonas and Nocardioides, etc. in the root-zone soil of C. lanceolata were significantly higher than those in the M. sativa (P<0.05). (5) Variance decomposition results indicated that the inhibition of oil concentration on the physiological characteristics of M. sativa was the decisive factor limiting the root zone soil TPH removal rate, while the combined effect of soil physicochemical × microbial characteristics was the main environmental factor determining the root zone soil TPH removal rate of C. lanceolata higher than that in the treatment group of M. sativa (P<0.05). In conclusion, the phytoremediation efficiency of C. lanceolata on crude-oil-contaminated soil in eastern Gansu Province of the Loess Plateau is better than that of M. sativa.

Key words: crude-oil-contaminated soil, Medicago sativa, Coreopsis lanceolata, phytoremediation, eastern Gansu Province of the Loess Plateau

JING Mingbo,WANG Jincheng,ZHANG Wei,ZHOU Lihui,ZHANG Shaopeng. Comparison of phytoremediation effects of Medicago sativa and Coreopsis basalis on crude-oil-contaminated soil in eastern Gansu Province[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(3): 853-862.

Figures/Tables 8

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References 23

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	处理组编号	TPH含量/%	处理方式
对照组	CK	0	非污染撂荒地土壤
		3	原始油污土壤+自然降解
		7	原始油污土壤+自然降解
		9	原始油污土壤+自然降解
		11	原始油污土壤+自然降解
紫花苜蓿处理组	TZ	0	非污染撂荒地土壤+紫花苜蓿
		3	原始油污土壤+紫花苜蓿
		7	原始油污土壤+紫花苜蓿
		9	原始油污土壤+紫花苜蓿
		11	原始油污土壤+紫花苜蓿
金鸡菊处理组	TJ	0	非污染撂荒地土壤+金鸡菊
		3	原始油污土壤+金鸡菊
		7	原始油污土壤+金鸡菊
		9	原始油污土壤+金鸡菊
		11	原始油污土壤+金鸡菊

理化指标	处理	油污浓度/%				F值
理化指标	处理	0	3	7	9	F值
碱解氮/（mg·kg^-1）	TZ	48.79 ± 2.29aA	35.84 ±1.46a	19.15 ± 2.57b	14.51 ± 1.62c	36.70^**
碱解氮/（mg·kg^-1）	TJ	41.72 ± 2.15aB	33.03 ±2.31a	18.40 ± 1.52b	13.89 ± 1.78c	42.81^**
t值		2.228^*
速效磷/（mg·kg^-1）	TZ	17.17 ± 0.89a	16.85 ±0.99aA	13.13 ± 0.87bA	3.31 ± 0.32c	65.76^**
速效磷/（mg·kg^-1）	TJ	15.16 ± 1.09a	12.35 ±0.94bB	6.16 ± 0.81cB	3.50 ± 1.03d	53.42^**
t值			4.044^*	5.867^**
pH	TZ	7.96 ± 0.13dA	8.07 ±0.09c	8.25 ± 0.12bA	8.37 ± 0.07aA	50.13^**
pH	TJ	7.81 ± 0.14dB	7.97 ±0.12c	8.10 ± 0.11bB	8.24 ± 0.08aB	64.40^**
t值		3.82^*		4.279^*	5.479^**
脲酶/[μg·g^-1·(3h)^-1]	TZ	9.05 ± 1.01a	7.58 ±0.86b	3.51 ± 0.95cA	1.93 ± 0.61dA	292.27^**
脲酶/[μg·g^-1·(3h)^-1]	TJ	8.41 ± 0.74a	7.32 ±0.41b	5.42 ± 0.75cB	3.25 ± 0.91dB	52.08^**
t值				4.462^*	5.885^**
碱性磷酸酶 /[mg·g^-1·(24h)^-1]	TZ	0.85 ± 0.04a	0.79 ±0.03a	0.41 ± 0.05bA	0.18 ± 0.03cA	239.54^**
碱性磷酸酶 /[mg·g^-1·(24h)^-1]	TJ	0.89 ± 0.07a	0.87 ±0.03a	0.68 ± 0.04bB	0.52 ± 0.02cB	67.35^**
t值				7.89^**	13.525^**

α多样性	处理	TPH浓度/%				F值
α多样性	处理	0	3	7	9	F值
覆盖度/%	TJ	99.43± 0.08	99.27 ± 0.03	99.25 ± 0.05	99.41 ± 0.08
覆盖度/%	TZ	99.16 ± 0.05	99.31± 0.05	99.64 ± 0.05	99.34 ± 0.03
OTU数量	TJ	1197.00±75.24a	1121.00±16.58aA	796.33±19.35bA	457.33±12.47cA	89.12^**
OTU数量	TZ	1114.33±30.68a	956.00±17.23aB	574.67±55.73bB	308.67±20.54cB	105.72^**
t值			3.86^*	5.33^*	4.94^*
Chao1指数	TJ	1076.44±27.41a	1053.06±12.59aA	811.47±6.49bA	722.55±23.06cA	83.48^**
Chao1指数	TZ	963.40±30.75a	685.39±29.32bB	411.93±18.69cB	316.95±22.12dB	143.30^**
t值			11.52^**	36.84^**	12.69^**
Shannon指数	TJ	6.29±0.03a	6.22±0.07aA	5.55±0.08bA	4.55±0.02cA	649.49^**
Shannon指数	TZ	6.17±0.03a	4.26±0.11bB	3.15±0.09cB	2.62±0.07dB	179.31^**
t值			10.68^**	29.40^**	19.88^**

Comparison of phytoremediation effects of Medicago sativa and Coreopsis basalis on crude-oil-contaminated soil in eastern Gansu Province

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