塔里木河下游河段耗水特征与输水方式演变研究

doi:10.13866/j.azr.2022.01.15

Abstract

Abstract:

The water consumption rate of the lower reaches of the Tarim River and the water permeability of the riverbed after water transfer were analyzed in this study, and the Modified Normalized Difference Moisture Index (MNDWI) change characteristics under the near-natural overflow behind the ecological gate were revealed. The results were as follows. (1) Continuous water delivery reduced the water consumption rate per unit river length and reduced the replenishment of soil water and groundwater. (2) Randomized water delivery behind the ecological gate represented by Kumtuge lacked orderly regulation and formed a constant river flow section; this led to excessively high groundwater levels in some areas and increased the ineffectiveness of evaporation. (3) Ditch overflow under near-natural conditions represented by Bozkule played an important role in the groundwater level and vegetation restoration in the area, but the solidification of ditches and formation of low-lying water areas tended to facilitate evolution of vegetation in dry areas into a single type of water-loving vegetation; this increased ineffective evaporation and luxury transpiration. (4) The ecological gate lacking regulation as well as the control and near-natural water delivery produced excessive surface water and wetland vegetation, which is in conflict with river ethics for the arid Tarim River Basin. Adjusting and regulating water delivery with manual intervention, i.e., using a combination of infiltration and flooding via a river wheel, should be considered the main method of water delivery in the future. This will not only improve the utilization efficiency of the discharged water and further expand the ecological restoration area but also facilitate the regulation and control of water dissipation in different restoration target areas, which would maximize the vegetation in these restoration areas.

Key words: ditch river water delivery, vegetation water consumption, ecological gate regulation, the lower reaches of the Tarim River

ZHOU Long,YANG Pengnian,WANG Yongpeng,Alishir Kurban,WANG Guangyan. Characteristics of water consumption and the evolution of water delivery methods in the lower reach of the Tarim River[J].Arid Zone Research, 2022, 39(1): 144-154.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Tab. 1

Ecological water transport in the lower reaches of the Tarim River"

名称	输水方式	输水时间	输水量/10⁴m³	水头到达
第一次输水	单河道输水	2000年5—7月	9923	喀尔达依
第二次输水	单河道输水	2000年11月—2001年2月	22655	阿拉干
第三次第一阶段	双河道输水	2001年4—7月	18433	依干布及麻
第三次第二阶段	双河道输水	2001年9—11月	19790	台特玛湖
第四次输水	双河道输水	2002年7—11月	33129	台特玛湖
第五次第一阶段	单河道输水	2003年3—7月	34028	台特玛湖
第五次第二阶段	双河道输水	2003年8—11月	27997	台特玛湖
第六次输水	单河道输水	2004年4—6月	10527	台特玛湖
第七次第一阶段	单河道输水	2005年4—6月	5236	阿拉干
第七次第二阶段	单河道输水	2005年8—11月	22997	台特玛湖
第八次输水	双河道、生态闸输水	2006年9—11月	20098	库尔干
第九次输水	单河道、生态闸输水	2007年9—10月	1411	喀尔达依
第十次输水	单河道、生态闸输水	2009年11—12月	1027	喀尔达依
第十一次输水	单河道、生态闸输水	2010年6—11月	38952	台特玛湖
第十二次输水	双河道、生态闸及汊河输水	2011年4—11月	85211	台特玛湖
第十三次输水	双河道、生态闸及汊河输水	2012年4—11月	66716	台特玛湖
第十四次输水	双河道、生态闸及汊河输水	2013年4—10月	48800	台特玛湖
十五次输水	双河道、生态闸及汊河输水	2014年6月	727	大西海子以下172 km
十六次输水	双河道、生态闸及汊河输水	2015年8—11月	46128	台特玛湖
十七次输水	双河道、生态闸及汊河输水	2016年8—10月	67611	台特玛湖
十八次输水	双河道、生态闸及汊河输水	2017年4月—2018年1月	121461	台特玛湖
十九次输水	双河道、生态闸及汊河输水	2018年4—11月	70006	台特玛湖
二十次输水	双河道、生态闸及汊河输水	2019年8—12月	46482	台特玛湖
二十一次输水	双河道、生态闸及汊河输水	2020年9—11月	27934	台特玛湖

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Characteristics of water consumption and the evolution of water delivery methods in the lower reach of the Tarim River

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