Abstract: The ecological environment and its spatial differentiation is the basis for the sustainable development in arid region,and it profoundly affects the socio-economic and healthy development pattern in oasis.As a typical inland drainage basin,the Manas River Basin was taken as the research area,and the 3S spatial analysis and geostatistical analysis were used to select the normalized ecological indexes (such as vegetation coverage,slope and soil),and the transfer matrix model of superposition of ecological factors and functions was applied to analyze the spatiotemporal differentiation of ecological factors and environmental quality in the Manas River Basin in Xinjiang.The results could be concluded as follows:① In general,the spatial differentiation pattern of mountains,oases and deserts was still maintained in the Manas River Basin,the overall quality of the ecological environment was poor,but there was an improving trend.The change of urban and rural construction pattern determined the dynamic evolution of local environment.② The ecological environment quality of artificial oasis,mountainous area and piedmont buffer zone was the best,especially the vegetation coverage,soil restoration and soil and water conservation of mountain forest and grassland.The ecological quality of artificial oasis was the best,but the change was significant.Although soil salinization was controlled well,a big amount of salt was discharged into the downstream and surrounding areas,thus some new disasters were resulted in the natural oases.③ During the period of 2000-2008,the ecological environment in the drainage basin was slowly improved.Although the ecological regeneration in the oasis-desert ecotone was obvious,the shrinkage of alpine ice-snow continued.The ecological environment in the drainage basin was improved significantly during the period of 2008-2016.

Key words: eco-environmental quality, normalized index, mountain-oasis-desert, spatiotemporal differentiation, Manas River Basin