Abstract: 8 populations of Calligonum rubicundum Bge. were chose in desert area near the Irtysh river in north Xinjiang. The community was investigated; the fruits were collected and measured. According to the statistical analysis, 14 quantity indexes among the populations were significant different including the length of fruit, width of fruit, the length of setae, the fruit form and the fruit size; the length of achenes, width of achenes and the achenes form, the depth of wings, the space between wings, the depth of notch in wings, and the intersection angle between the neighbor wings. And 4 quality indexes including the fruit form, the color of mature fruit, the form of notch, and the prism fx of wings, indexed among the populations were different. The results showed that, the fruit morphology of C.rubicundum is significantly different (P<0.000 1) among the populations. The fruit polymorphism was not only among the populations, but also among the sample individual plants. The results can provide a valuable reference for C.rubicundum and its related species for further classification of the middle and lower levels of C.rubicundum and the reference for the protection and utilization of C.rubicundum plant resources.

Key words: Calligonum rubicundum Bge., population, fruit polymorphism, phenotypic characteristics