Abstract: In recent 5 years, wolves (Canis lupus) preyed on livestock frequently and caused huge economic losses to the local community nomads, and more and more sharp conflicts between wolves and the nomads occurred. In order to investigate the current situation of wolves and the conflicts between wolves and local community nomads in the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, the face-to-face interview investigation was used to survey the questions mentioned above from July to August 2012. The results were as follows: (1) The community nomads in 6 townships thought generally that there were wolves around the winter nomad settlements or valley settlements, but the number of wolves was obviously different from different regions; (2) In the Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, sheep, cattle, camels, goats and horses were the main livestock species preyed on by wolves, especially sheep, and there was an extremely positive correlation between the number of livestock killed by wolves and the owned livestock number of the families; (3) Wolf predation to livestock occurred mainly in winter pastures at night; (4) Wolves preyed on livestock close to the nomad settlements and water sources far away from the roads, mining areas and tourist spots where human activities were frequent; (5) About 60.5% nomads thought that wolves were harmful to prairie ecosystem.

Key words: Canis lupus, community nomad, livestock, conflict, Mt. Kalamaili Ungulate Nature Reserve, Xinjiang