Abstract: Many cash crops, such as cotton, melons and fruits, are planted in large areas in Xinjiang. However, these cash crops are often affected by plant diseases and insect pests. The cost of controlling insect pests with traditional insecticides is high, and insecticides are harmful for people, animals and environment. Control of insect pests with extractives of toxic plants is cheap and can reduce environment pollution. Botanical pesticides are a kind of pesticides by taking some parts of plants or their extractives. There are many species of toxic plants in Xinjiang. In this paper, the resources of toxic plants growing in Xinjiang are introduced, the present application of the toxic plants as pesticides and the existing problems in developing botanical pesticides are discussed, and the prospect of developing botanical pesticides is prospected.